Avrupa’da Erken Dönem Sosyalist Teori ve İşçi Hareketleri(1830-1840)

Avrupa’da 1830’lu yıllarda sosyalist düşünce, işçi hareketleri ve komplocu/devrimci hareketler entelektüel ve siyasi yaşamın önemli bileşenleridir. Marx ve Engels dönemin teorisyenlerinden ve siyasi liderlerinden doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak etkilenmiş, bazı eserlerinde bunlarla polemiğe girmiş- lerdir. Bu yazıda 1830’lu yıllarda sosyalist düşüncenin, işçi hareketlerinin ve devrimci hareketlerin gelişiminin temel dinamiklerinin incelenmesi hedeflenmektedir. İlk bölüm Büyük Britanya’da 1830’lu yılların sınai gelişiminin toplumsal tarihte yaptığı etkiler, Çartist hareketin oluşumu ve Owen’cı hareketin 1830’lu yıllardaki dönüşümleri ele alınacaktır. İkinci bölüm 1830’lu yıllarda Fransa’da sosyalist düşüncenin çeşitlenmesine ve işçi hareketinin gelişimine ayrılmıştır. Makalenin bütününde sanayi kapitalizminin yaptığı hamleler ile kitle hareketlerinin önem kazanması arasındaki bağıntıya dikkat çekilmiştir. Ütopyacı düşüncenin 1830’lu yıllarda önemini koruması ve aynı dönemde felsefe ve sosyalist düşünce akımları arasında yoğun bir ilişkinin kurulmaya başlanması da makalede vurgulanan konular arasındadır. Çalış- manın bütününde sosyalizmin gelişiminin temel dinamiklerinin, 1830’lu yıllarınsosyal-ekonomik ve siyasal gelişmeleriyle bağlantısı içinde incelenmesi hedeflenmektedir.

Early Socialist Theory and Workers’ Movements in Europe(1830-1840)

Socialist thought, workersmovements and consp iratory/revolutionary mo- vements were imp ortant comp onents of Europ ean intellectual and p oliticallife in the 1830s. Marx and Engels were directly or indirectly influenced bythe theorists and p olitical leaders of the decade, and p olemicized againstthem in their works. The first chapter implies analyzes the impact of theindustrial develop ment over British society in the 1830s, of the f ormation ofthe Chartist movement, and of the vicissitudes of Owenism during the samedecade. The second chapter is dedicated to an analysis of the diversificationof socialist ideas and the development of workersmovements in France. Thearticle underlines the links between the develop ement of industrial cap ita- lism and the rise of the mass movements. The p resent p ap er aims at analy- zing the main Dynamics of the develop emnt of socialist thougt through theirlinks with social, economic and p olitical p rocesses of the 1830s.

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