ULUSLARARASI İNSANCIL HUKUKTA İDARİ GÖZALTI VE DEVLET DIŞI SİLAHLI AKTÖRLER

İdari gözaltı, adli gözaltıdan farklı olarak, güvenlik esasına dayalı, cezalandırıcı nitelikte olmayan ve yürütme erki tarafından emredilen istisnai bir tedbirdir. İdari gözaltının amacı, geçmişteki davranışlarından dolayı kişileri cezalandırmak değil, güvenlik için tehdit oluşturduğu değerlendirilen bireylerin düşmanca eylemlere girişmelerini önlemektir. Karşı tarafa mensup olanları yakalama ve alıkoyma, silahlı çatışmanın doğasında var olan bir özelliktir. Uygulayanı devlet olsun devlet dışı aktör olsun, karşı tarafı özgürlüğünden yoksun bırakma, silahlı çatışmalarda meydana gelen sıradan bir olaydır. Uluslararası olmayan silahlı çatışmalarda ele geçirilen muharipler, savaş esiri olarak özgürlüklerinden yoksun bırakılabilmektedir. Ancak muharip statüsünün olmadığı uluslararası olmayan silahlı çatışmalarda yakalanan karşı taraf mensuplarının hangi esas ve usullere göre gözaltında tutulacağı konusu tartışmalıdır. Bu makalede günümüz silahlı çatışmalarının önemli birer aktörü olan devlet dışı silahlı aktörler tarafından uygulanan gözaltı tedbirinin yasal dayanağı olup olmadığı tartışılacaktır. Makale iki ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde, önleyici gözaltı kavramı tanımlanmış ve uluslararası olmayan silahlı çatışmalar kapsamında özellikleri ele alınmıştır. İkinci bölümde ise devlet dışı silahlı aktörlerin uyguladıkları önleyici gözaltının yasal dayanakları tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Devlet Dışı Silahlı Aktörler, Enterne Etme, Güvenlik Amaçlı Gözaltı, İdari Gözaltı, Önleyici Gözaltı, Özgürlüğünden Yoksun Bırakılma

INTERNMENT IN INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW AND NON-STATE ARMED GROUPS

Being different from criminal detention, internment (administrative detention) in a non-punitive quality is based on security grounds and is an exceptional measure ordered by the executive power. The purpose of internment is to prevent individuals considered to be security threats from engaging in hostile acts, not to punish them for their past conducts. Capturing and holding members of the adversary is an inherent feature of armed conflict. Whether carried out by state or non-state parties the deprivation of liberty of the adversaries is an ordinary occurrence in situations of armed conflict. In international armed conflicts, captured combatants may be deprived of liberty as ‘prisoner of war.’ However, in non-international armed conflicts where there is no such a status, it is a controversial issue on what grounds and procedures captured adversaries can be detained. The present article discusses whether there is a legal basis of detention by non-state armed groups as significant actors of the contemporary armed conflicts. The article consists of two main parts. The term of internment is identified in the first and examined in the context of the non-international armed conflict. The second part deals with the legal basis of the internment carried out by non-state armed groups.

Keywords:

Armed Non-State Actors, Security Detention, Administrative Detention, Preventive Detention, International Humanitarian Law.,

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