MACARİSTAN’DA DEMOKRASİNİN GERİLEMESİ ÖRNEĞİNDE AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NİN HUKUKUN ÜSTÜNLÜĞÜNÜ KORUMA POLİTİKALARI

Macaristan, Avrupa Birliği’ne (AB) içeriden meydan okuyan üye ülkelerden biridir. Viktor Orban yönetimindeki son yasal ve anayasal değişiklikler AB’nin demokrasi ile ilgili kural, norm ve değerlerinin üyeleri tarafından ihlalini engellemeye yönelik kapasitesini ve siyasi iradesini sorgulatmaktadır. Ülkedeki mevcut demokratik gerilemenin “illiberal” demokrasi, “sorunlu” ya da “arızalı” demokrasi ve “seçimli otokrasi” olarak tanımlanmasıyla bağlantılı olarak bu çalışma süreci demokrasinin gerilemesi olarak ele almaktadır. Bu çalışma, AB’nin Macaristan’da demokrasinin gerilemesini nasıl yönettiğini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla araştırma AB resmi belgeleri ve yayınları ile çeşitli uluslararası kuruluşların demokrasi indekslerinin içerik analizine ve ikincil literatüre dayanmaktadır. AB’nin, Macaristan’daki demokratik gerilemeyi bir hukukun üstünlüğü krizi olarak ele aldığı bulgusundan hareket eden çalışma, AB’nin üye devletlerde hukukun üstünlüğünü korumaya yönelik kurumsal mekanizmalarını ve politika araçlarını araştırmaktadır. Çalışma Macaristan’da demokrasinin gerilemesi örneği üzerinden AB’nin hukukun üstünlüğünü korumada siyasi iradesini ve mekanizmalarını tartışarak literatüre güncel bir katkı sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Avrupa Birliği, Macaristan, Demokrasi, Hukukun Üstünlüğü, Demokrasinin Gerilemesi

THE EUROPEAN UNION’S POLICIES TO PROTECT THE RULE OF LAW IN THE CASE OF DEMOCRATIC BACKSLIDING IN HUNGARY

Hungary is one of the European Union (EU) members challenging the EU from within. The recent legal and constitutional changes under Viktor Orban’s governments question the EU’s capacity and political will to prevent the violations by its members of its rules, norms and values pertaining to democracy. In conjunction with the definition of the current democratic decline in the country as “illiberal” democracy, “defective” democracy or “elected autocracy”, this study addresses the process as democratic backsliding. This study aims to analyse how the EU manages democratic backsliding in Hungary. For this purpose, the research is based on the content analysis of official EU documents and publications, democracy indexes of various international institutions as well as secondary literature. Considering the EU’s approach to democratic decline in Hungary as a rule of law crisis, the study explores the EU’s institutional mechanisms and policy tools to protect the rule of law in its member states. This study aims to make a contemporary contribution to the literature by discussing the EU’s political will and mechanisms to protect the rule of law in the case of Hungary’s democratic backsliding.

Keywords:

European Union, Hungary, Democracy, Rule of Law, Democratic Backsliding,

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