Edward FitzGerald’ın Rubâiyâtof Omar Khayyâm EserindeVictoria Dönemi Yansımaları

Edward FitzGerald’ın çevirmiş olduğuRubâiyâtof Omar Khayyâm(1859) başlıklı eser, Ömer Hayyam’ın orijinal eserinden çok büyük farklılıklar göstermektedir. FitzGerald’ın çevirisi, karamsarlık, şüphecilik, inanç kaybı, fanilik, hayatın kısalığı, hedonizm, Epikürcülük, maddecilik ve sinizm gibi Victoria dönemini yansıtan özellikler ve temalar taşımaktadır.Fitzgerald, eseri sadece tercüme etmekle kalmamış onu adeta yeniden yazmıştır. Bu bağlamda, FitzGerald’ın edebîeseri,Hayyam’ın şiirinin temel özelliklerini yansıtmamakta;aksine, zıtlıkların çağı olan Victoria döneminin kaygılarını, endişelerini, insanların genel ruhsal durumunu ve toplumdaki atmosferi ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışma,bu anlamda FitzGerald’ın Rubâiyâteserinin Victoria dönemini ne kadar yansıttığınıtartışacaktır. Tartışma öncesinde, Ömer Hayyamhakkında kısa biyografik bilgi verilecektir. Daha sonra, eserden spesifik örnekler ile“yerlileştirme” (domestication) ve “yabancılaştırma” (foreignization) çeviri stratejileri tartışması üzerinden, FitzGerald’ın çevirisinin Ömer Hayyam’ın edebîmirasından ve şiirinden ziyade Victoria dönemini yansıtmak üzere yeniden uyarlandığı ve o doğrultuda ortaya konduğu tartışılıp kanıtlanacaktır.

A Victorian Interpretation of Rubâiyâtof Omar Khayyâmby Edward FitzGerald

Edward FitzGerald’s translation of Omar Khayyam’s ruba’i in his work, Rubâiyâtof Omar Khayyâm(1859) demonstrates stark differences from the actual work of Omar Khayyam. FitzGerald’s translation or re-writingincludesnumerousthemesand characteristicssuchaspessimism,skepticism,lossoffaith,brevity,transience, ephemerality of life, hedonism, Epicureanism, materialism, and cynicism peculiar to the Victorian era. In this respect, FitzGerald’s literary work does not communicate the underlying features of Khayyam’s poetry, but illustrates the concerns, anxieties, doubts, and the mainstream mood of the Victorian era, an age of duality. This study will, therefore, discuss to what extent FitzGerald’s Rubaiyat is a Victorian invention. Prior to the discussion, brief information about the poet, Omar Khayyam will be given. Then, through specific references from the work and the explication of domestication and foreignization strategies in translation, it will be ultimately argued that FitzGerald’s translation does not communicate the Persian poet Omar Khayyam’s rich literary legacy, but is adapted or re-formulated in order to reflect upon the Victorian period.

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