Latin Amerika’da Yoksulluğu Önlemede Küreselleşmenin Etkisi: Arjantin Deneyimi

Bu çalışmanın amacı Arjantin’in yoksullukla mücadele politikalarını belirleyen faktörleri uluslararası, bölgesel, devlet-devlet altı analiz seviyelerinde ele almaktır. Yoksullukla mücadele politikalarının belirlenmesinde küreselleşme önemli bir olgudur. Neoliberal politikaların yaygınlaşması ülkeleri yoksulluk sorunuyla mücadele etme noktasında uluslararası sisteme bağımlı hale getirirken bir yandan da ulusal egemenliğin zedelenmesi yönündeki endişelerin artması bu politika alanını ulusal dinamiklerle şekillendirmeye doğru itmiştir. Arjantin, yaşadığı ekonomik krizleri atlatabilmek adına uluslararası sistemle Dünya Bankası ve Uluslararası Para Fonu (IMF) aracılığı ile etkileşimini artırırken sosyo-ekonomik politikalarını belirlerken de bölgesel düzlemdeki genel politika çizgisinden uzaklaşmamıştır. Yoksullukla mücadele konusunda Arjantin özellikle sosyal politika programları ve uzun vadeli planları ile birlikte ülkedeki yoksulluğu kontrol altında tutmak suretiyle azaltmaya çalışmıştır. 1990’lı yılların sonuna doğru yaşanan krizlerle birlikte dönüşüme uğramaya başlayan sosyal politika programları 2001 yılında yaşanan krizle birlikte köklü bir değişim geçirmiştir. Bu dönemde nakit transferleri ülkedeki yoksulluğu etkin bir şekilde azaltma yönünde önemli bir araç olarak görülmüştür. Devlet ve kurumları aracılığıyla yürütülen bu programların birçok alanda çeşitlenmesi Arjantin’in yoksullukla mücadele konusunda devlet ve devlet altı faktörleri etkin bir şekilde kullandığını ve en baskın politika belirleyici unsurun da devlet ve devlet altı faktörler olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yoksullukla mücadele, Arjantin, küreselleşme, sosyal politika programları

The Effect of Globalization on Poverty Reduction in Latin America: Argentina Experience

Keywords:

Yoksullukla mücadele, Arjantin, küreselleşme, sosyal politika programları.,

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