Konjenital miyastenya gravisli 2 yaşındaki çocuk hastada kaudal epidural anestezi

Miyastenya gravis nöromüsküler kavşakta asetilkolin reseptörlerine karşı antikor oluşumuyla karakterize otoimmün bir hastalıktır. Çeşitli anestezik ajanlarla etkileşiminden dolayı anestezistler için özel bir ilgi alanı oluşturur. Literatürde miyastenya gravisli çocuk hastalarda erişkin miyastenik hastalardan farklı olarak, anestezik yaklaşımla ilgili çok az bilgiye rastlanmıştır ve mevcut bilgilerin çoğunluğu timektomi için yapılan uygulamalarla ilgilidir. Buna ek olarak kaudal anestezi pediyatrik hastalarda oldukça yaygın kullanılan bir teknik olmakla beraber miyastenik hastalarda kullanımına ilişkin bir bilgiye rastlanmamıştır. Biz bu olgu sunumunda 2 yaş, 12 kg ağırlığında miyastenya gravisli erkek hastada kaudal anestezi uygulamasını sunduk. Orşiyopeksi ameliyatı planlanan hastada konjenital miyastenya gravis nedeniyle jeneralize güçsüzlük, solunum sıkıntısı ve göz kapaklarında düşüklük mevcuttu. Operasyon odasında rutin monitorizasyonu takiben hasta 1mg midazolam ve 10 mg ketamin ile sedatize edilerek, 1 mL.kg-1 % 0.25 bupivakain ile kaudal blok yapıldı. Lokal anestezik enjeksiyonunu takiben 17 dakika sonra operasyon başladı ve 45 dakika sürdü. Hastada intraoperative ek analjezik ihtiyacı olmadı ve postoperatif takip sorunsuz geçti. Miyastenya gravisli hastalarda respiratuar ve istemli kas aktivitesinin korunmasına özel bir önem gösterilmelidir. Kaudal anestezi miyastenya gravisli hastalarda kas gevşetici ve endotrakeal entübasyon olmadan havayolunun kontrolüne izin verir. Sonuç olarak, biz kaudal anestezinin miyastenik pediyatrik hastalarda uygun ve güvenli bir teknik olduğunu ve bu hastalarda genel anesteziye alternatif olarak uygulanabileceğini düşünüyoruz.

Caudal epidural anesthesia for a 2-year old child with congenital myasthenia gravis

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease with antibodies directed against the acetylcholine receptor at the neuromuscular junction. Anesthetists have a special interest in myasthenia gravis because of its interaction with various anesthetic agents. Unlike adult myasthenic patients; very little report has been written about the anesthetic management in children, other than in relation to thymectomy. Although the use of caudal anesthesia in pediatric patients is common, have not seen any report concerning its use in a myasthenic child. In this case report, we represented a 2 year-old boy was performed caudal anesthesia for orchiopexy operation. He had presented difficulty in breathing, generalized weakness and droopy eyes due to congenital myasthenia gravis. In the operating room, following the routine monitoring, the patient was sedated with intravenous 1mg midazolam and 10 mg ketamine. Then caudal block was performed. 17 minutes later from the local anesthetic injection; operation was started and lasted 45 minutes. The patient did not require intraoperative supplemental analgesia and postoperative course was uneventful. Specific attention should be paid to voluntary and respiratory muscle strength in myasthenia gravis patients. Caudal anesthesia allowed airway control of myasthenia gravis patients without endotracheal intubations and muscle relaxant. In conclusion, we think that caudal anesthetic technique may be considered as a safe and suitable for the myasthenic child and it may represent a valid alternative to general anesthesia for these patients.

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