AYŞEGÜL ÖZTÜRK BİRGE, Mukadder MOLLAOĞLU

Hastaların ağrı inançları ve ağrıyı yönetmede kullandıkları ilaç dışı yöntemler

Amaç: Bu çalışma, hastaların ağrı inançları ve ağrıyı yönetmede kullandıkları ilaç dışı yöntemleri belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı tipte olup Mayıs 2011 tarihinde bir üniversitesi hastanesinin dahili ve cerrahi kliniklerinde yatan 163 hastanın katılımı ile yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın verileri, Kişisel Bilgi Formu, İlaç Dışı Yöntem Formu ve Ağrı İnançları Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Veriler sayı, yüzde, bağımsız örneklem t testi ve varyans analizi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Hastaların yaş ortalaması 52.7±16.6 yıl olup %23.3’ü üriner sistem ve %21.5’i kas iskelet sistemi hastalıkları nedeniyle hastanede yattığı belirlenmiştir. Hastaların %93.8’i geçmiş yaşantısında ağrı deneyimlemiş, bir hafta önceki ağrı şiddetini %22.7’si şiddetli olarak tarif etmiştir. Hastalar en çok, baş ağrısı (%24.8), eklem ağrısı (%21.6) ve bel ağrısı (%19.6) yaşadıklarını ifade etmişlerdir. Hastaların %72.3’ünün ağrılarını gidermede ilaç kullandığı ve ayrıca %49.1’inin ilaç dışı yöntemlere başvurduğu saptanmıştır. Sıklıkla tercih edilen ilaç dışı yöntemlerin sıcak soğuk uygulama, masaj, bitkisel yöntemler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hastaların ağrı inançları ölçeği organik puan ortalamasının (23.6±4.57) psikolojik puan ortalamasından (19.9±2.64) yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Hastaların ağrıya yönelik inançlarını ve kullandıkları ilaç dışı yöntemleri değerlendirmek ağrıyı etkin yönetebilmek açısından önemlidir.

Pain beliefs of patients and the nonpharmacological methods they use to manage the pain

Objectives: This study was performed to determine the pain beliefs of patients and nonpharmacological methods they use to manage their pain. Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted with the participation of 163 patients who were hospitalized in the medical and surgical clinics of a university hospital in May 2011. The study data were collected using personal information forms, a nonpharmacological methods form, and a pain belief scale. The data were evaluated using number, percentage, an independent sample t-test, and analysis of variance. Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.7±16.6 years, and it was determined that 23.3% were hospitalized for urinary system diseases, while 21.5% were hospitalized for musculoskeletal system diseases. It was observed that 93.8% of the patients described experiencing pain in the past, while 22.7% described experiencing severe pain within the previous week. The types of pain most frequently described by the patients were headaches (24.8%), joint pain (21.6%), and lumbar pain (19.6%). It was determined that 72.3% of the patients used medication for pain, and that 49.1% also resorted to nonpharmacological methods for their pain. Frequently preferred nonpharmacological methods included hot and cold therapy, massage, and herbal methods. The mean organic score on the pain belief scale (23.6±4.57) was higher than the mean psychological score (19.9±2.64). Conclusion: Evaluating the pain beliefs of patients and the nonpharmacological methods used is important for effective management of pain.

PDF

___

Pak SC, Micalos PS, Maria SJ, Lord B. Nonpharmacological interventions for pain management in paramedicine and the emergency setting: A literature review. Evid Based Compl Alt Med 2015;2015:1–9.
Syrjala KL, Jensen MP, Mendoza ME, Yi JC, Fisher HM, Keefe FJ. Psychological and behavioral approaches to cancer pain management. J Clin Oncol 2014;32(16):1703–11.
Ulus B, Irban A, Bakırcı N, Yılmaz E, Uslu Y, Yücel N, Aslan Fe. Determination of pain characteristics, pain belief and risk of depression among elderly residents living at nursing home. Türk Geriatri Dergisi 2014;17(2):180–7.
Jabusch KM, Lewthwaite BJ, Mandzuk LL, Schnell-Hoehn KN, Wheeler BJ. The pain experience of inpatients in a teaching hospital: revisiting a strategic priority. Pain Manag Nurs 2015;16(1):69–76.
Sertel–Berk HÖ. Kronik ağrı yaşantısı ve ağrı inançları: ağrı inançları ölçeği’nin Türkçe geçerlikve güvenirlik çalışması [Dissertation]. Istanbul: Istanbul Univeristy; Institute of Social Science, Faculty of Psychology; 2006.
Edwards LC, Pearce SA, Turner-Stokes L, Jones A. The Pain Beliefs Questionnaire: an investigation of beliefs in the causes and consequences of pain. Pain 1992;51(3):267–72.
Powell, RA, Downing J, Ddungu H, Mwangi-Powell FN. Pain History and Pain Assessment. In: Kopf A, Patel NB, editors. Guide to pain Management in low-resource settings. Seattle: IASP; p. 67–78.
Özveren H. Non-Pharmacological Methods at Pain Management. Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik Dergisi 2011;18(1):83–92.
Berker E, Dinçer N. Chronic pain and rehabilitation. Agri 2005;17(2):10–6.
Oztürk V. Rare primary headache syndromes. Agri 2007;19(4):5–16.
Mbada CE, Adeyemi TL, Adedoyin RA, Badmus HD, debe TO, Arije OO, et al. Prevalence and modes of complementary and alternative medicine use among peasant farmers with musculoskeletal pain in a rural community in South-Western Nigeria. BMC Complement Altern Med 2015;15:164.
Tan MG, Win MT, Khan SA. The use of complementary and alternative medicine in chronic pain patients in Singapore: a single-centre study. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2013;42(3):133–7.
Gemalmaz A. Use of Complementary and Alternative Therapies in the Management of Pain. Turkiye Klinikleri J Fam Med-Special Topics 2014;5(4):55–61
Murthy V, Sibbritt DW, Adams J. An integrative review of complementary and alternative medicine use for back pain: a focus on prevalence, reasons for use, influential factors, self-perceived effectiveness, and communication. Spine J 2015;15(8):1870–83.
Koçoğlu D, Özdemir L. The relation between pain and pain beliefs and sociodemographic-economic characteristics in an adult population. Agri 2011;23(2):64–70.
Sertel Berk HO. The biopsychosocial factors that serve as predictors of the outcome of surgical modalities for chronic pain. Agri 2010;22(3):93–7.
Katzman MA, Pawluk EJ, Tsirgielis D, D’Ambrosio C, Anand L, Furtado M, et al. Beyond chronic pain: how best to treat psychological comorbidities. J Fam Pract 2014;63(5):260–4.
Henderson JV, Harrison CM, Britt HC, Bayram CF, Miller GC. Prevalence, causes, severity, impact, and management of chronic pain in Australian general practice patients. Pain Med 2013;14(9):1346–61.
Henschke N, Kamper SJ, Maher CG. The epidemiology and economic consequences of pain. Mayo Clin Proc 2015;90(1):139–47.
Peleg R, Liberman O, Press Y, Shvartzman P. Patients visiting the complementary medicine clinic for pain: a cross sectional study. BMC Complement Altern Med 2011;11:36.
Kuru T, Yeldan I, Zengin A, Kostanoğlu A, Tekeoğlu A, Akbaba YA, et al. The prevalence of pain and different pain treatments in adults. Agri 2011;23(1):22–7.
Erdine S, Hamzaoğlu O, Özkan Ö, Balta E, Domaç M. Pain prevalance among adults in Turkey. Agri 2001;13(2):22–30.
Eti Aslan F, Badir A. Reality about pain control: the knowledge and beliefs of nurses on the nature, assessment and management of pain. Agri 2005;17(2):44–51.