Bahar SAY, Ufuk ERGÜN, Ayşe YILDIZ, Ebru TURGAL, Şenay ARIKAN DURMAZ, Murat ALPUA

Ağrılı diyabetik periferal nöropatide dolu bardak testi ile ağrı şiddetinin belirlenmesi

Amaç: Dolu bardak testinin (DBT) ağrılı diyabetik periferal nöropati (ADPN)’de kullanımını ve geçerliliğini test etmek. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu kesitsel ve prospektif çalışmaya ADPN olan olgular alındı. Çalışma popülasyonunda periferal nöropati yapacak diğer nedenler ve kognitif yetmezlik dışlandı. Periferik nöropati tanısı muayene ve Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) anketi kullanılarak gösterildi. Ağrı şiddeti tedavi öncesi ve sonrasında DBT ve Vizüel Analog Skala (VAS) ile değerlendirildi. Geçerlilik için DBT’nin VAS ile korelasyonuna bakıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya 43 (33 kadın, 10 erkek) olgu alındı. Ortalama yaş 61.9±8.25, ortalama hastalık süresi 13.02±7.6 yıldı. Tip I DM 2 (%4.7) olguda, Tip II DM 41 (%95.3) olguda mevcuttu. HbA1c düzeyi ortalama 8.9±1.9 mmol/mol’du. Ağrı şiddetinin değerlendirilmesinde kullanılan VAS ve DBT tedavi öncesi ve sonrası karşılaştırıldığında ortalama skorlar tedavi öncesinde 6.7±2.05, 66.35±23.2, tedavi sonrasında ise 4.6±2.2, 41.36±23.5 bulundu. Sonuçlar istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p

Detecting pain severity with full cup test in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Objectives: The aim of this study was to test the utility and validity of the full cup test (FCT) to assess the severity of pain insubjects with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN).Methods: Subjects with diabetic PDPN were enrolled for this prospective, cross-sectional study. Other causes of PDPN andsubjects with cognitive impairment were excluded. The diagnosis of neuropathic pain was made using the results of a physicalexamination and the Douleur Neuropathique 4 questionnaire. Pain severity was assessed with a FCT and a visual analog scale(VAS) administered before and after treatment. The correlation of FCT with VAS was evaluated to examine validity.Results: A total of 43 (33 female, 10 male) subjects were included. The mean age was 61.9±8.25 years and the mean diseaseduration was 13.02±7.6 years. Type I diabetes mellitus (DM) was present in 2 (4.7%) subjects and Type II DM in 41 (95.3%)subjects. The mean glycated hemoglobin level was 8.9±1.9 mmol/mol. When the mean VAS and FCT scores were analyzed,the results were 6.7±2.05 and 66.35±23.2, respectively, pretreatment and 4.6±2.2 and 41.36±23.5 posttreatment, which wereboth statistically significant (p

PDF

___

1. Henschke N, Kamper SJ, Maher CG. The epidemiology and economic consequences of pain. Mayo Clin Proc 2015;90(1):139–47.
2. Breivik H, Borchgrevink PC, Allen SM, Rosseland LA, Romundstad L, Hals EK, et al. Assessment of pain. Br J Anaesth 2008;101(1):17–24.
3. Fillingim RB, Loeser JD, Baron R, Edwards RR. Assessment of Chronic Pain: Domains, Methods, and Mechanisms. J Pain 2016;17(9 Suppl):T10–20.
4. Paisley P, Serpell M. Improving pain control in diabetic neuropathy. Practitioner 2017;261(1802):23–6.
5. Ergün U, Say B, Ozer G, Yildirim O, Kocatürk O, Konar D, et al. Trial of a new pain assessment tool in patients with low education: the full cup test. Int J Clin Pract 2007;61(10):1692– 6.
6. Al-Samman AA, Al-Nuaime OS, Othma HA. Validity and Reliability of Full Cup Test in Pain Evaluation after Dental Surgery: A Comparison with Four Pain-Rating Scales in a Sample of Iraqi Patients. Journal of Oral and Dental Research 2016;1(1):2–7.
7. Jones RC 3rd, Backonja MM. Review of neuropathic pain screening and assessment tools. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2013;17(9):363.
8. Lund I, Lundeberg T. Aspects of pain, its assessment and evaluation from an acupuncture perspective. Acupunct Med 2006;24(3):109–17.
9. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods 2007;39(2):175–91.
10. Jensen MP, Karoly P, Braver S. The measurement of clinical pain intensity: a comparison of six methods. Pain 1986;27(1):117–26.
11. Jensen M, Karoly P. Self-report scales and procedures for assessing pain in adults. In: Turk DC, Melzack R, editors. Handbook of pain assessment. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press; 1992. p. 135–51.
12. Williamson A, Hoggart B. Pain: a review of three commonly used pain rating scales. J Clin Nurs 2005;14(7):798– 804.
13. Tesfaye S, Boulton AJ, Dyck PJ, Freeman R, Horowitz M, Kempler P, et al; Toronto Diabetic Neuropathy Expert Group. Diabetic neuropathies: update on definitions, diagnostic criteria, estimation of severity, and treatments. Diabetes Care 2010;33(10):2285–93.
14. Tan G, Jensen MP, Thornby JI, Shanti BF. Validation of the Brief Pain Inventory for chronic nonmalignant pain. J Pain 2004;5(2):133–7.
15. Pathak A, Sharma S, Jensen MP. The utility and validity of pain intensity rating scales for use in developing countries. Pain Rep 2018;3(5):e672.
16. Serlin RC, Mendoza TR, Nakamura Y, Edwards KR, Cleeland CS. When is cancer pain mild, moderate or severe? Grading pain severity by its interference with function. Pain 1995;61(2):277–84.
17. Sloan G, Shillo P, Selvarajah D, Wu J, Wilkinson ID, Tracey I, et al. A new look at painful diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018;144:177–91.
18. Herr K. Pain assessment strategies in older patients. J Pain 2011;12(3 Suppl 1):S3–S13.
19. Bennett MI, Attal N, Backonja MM, Baron R, Bouhassira D, Freynhagen R, et al. Using screening tools to identify neuropathic pain. Pain 2007;127(3):199–203.
20. Oguejiofor OC, Odenigbo CU, Oguejiofor CB. Evaluation of the effect of duration of diabetes mellitus on peripheral neuropathy using the United Kingdom screening test scoring system, bio-thesiometry and aesthesiometry. Niger J Clin Pract 2010;13(3):240–7.
21. Young MJ, Boulton AJ, MacLeod AF, Williams DR, Sonksen PH. A multicentre study of the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the United Kingdom hospital clinic population. Diabetologia 1993;36(2):150–4.
22. Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA, Matthews DR, Manley SE, Cull CA, et al. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ 2000;321(7258):405–12.
23. Lai YR, Chiu WC, Huang CC, Tsai NW, Wang HC, Lin WC, et al. HbA1C Variability Is Strongly Associated With the Severity of Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Front Neurosci 2019;13:90.
24. Su JB, Zhao LH, Zhang XL, Cai HL, Huang HY, Xu F, et al. HbA1c variability and diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetic patients. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018;17(1):47.
25. Gore M, Brandenburg NA, Dukes E, Hoffman DL, Tai KS, Stacey B. Pain severity in diabetic peripheral neuropathy is associated with patient functioning, symptom levels of anxiety and depression, and sleep. J Pain Symptom Manage 2005;30(4):374–85.