Pamuk Yağı Biyodizeli-Eurodizel Karışımlarının Tam Yükte Yanma, Performans ve Emisyonlara Etkisinin Deneysel Olarak İncelenmesi

Bu çalışmada, pamuk yağı biyodizelinin değişik oranlarda eurodizel yakıtına ilavesinin yanma, motor performansı ve emisyonlar üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Deneyler tam yükte ve 1500 dev/dak ile 3000 dev/dak arasında 500 dev/dak aralıklarla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneylerde eurodizel yakıtına (CB0), % 10, %20 ve %50 pamuk yağı biyodizeli eklenerek (sırasıyla CB10, CB20 ve CB50 olarak isimlendirilen) elde edilen yakıt karışımları kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bu yakıt karışımları elektrik dinamometresi ile yüklenebilen tek silindirli, dört zamanlı, hava soğutmalı, direk püskürtmeli bir dizel motorunda test edilmiş ve sonuçlar referans eurodizel yakıtı ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar, referans eurodizel yakıtına pamuk yağı biyodizeli ilavesinin tüm devirler için motor gücü ve torkunda çok az düşüşe neden olduğunu göstermektedir. Özgül yakıt tüketiminde ise küçük bir artış gözlenmiştir. Tam yükte tüm devirler için pamuk yağı biyodizeli ilavesiyle birlikte CO, HC ve is emisyonlarının azaldığı, NOxemisyonlarının ise arttığı gözlenmiştir. Pamuk yağı biyodizeli karışımlarının tutuşma gecikmesi, pamuk yağı biyodizelinin düşük setan sayısı nedeniyle eurodizelden daha uzun olduğu gözlenmiştir. Ateşleme gecikmesi daha uzun olduğundan, ısı salınım hızı çok hızlı bir şekilde artmış ve yanma süresi kısalmıştır. Yakıtların maksimum yanma basınçları önemli bir değişiklik göstermemiştir.

Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Cottonseed Oil BiodieselEurodiesel Mixtures on Combustion, Performance and Emissions at Full Load

In this study, the effect of the addition of cottonseed oil biodiesel to eurodiesel fuel at different ratios on combustion, engine performance, and exhaust emissions was investigated. Tests were performed at full load and from 1500 rpm to 3000 rpm at 500 rpm intervals. In the experiments, fuel mixtures obtained from eurodiesel fuel (CB0), 10%, 20%, and 50% cottonseed oil biodiesel (named as CB10, CB20 and CB50 respectively) were used. The resulting fuel mixtures were tested in a four-stroke, directinjection, air-cooled, single-cylinder diesel engine that could be loaded with an electric dynamometer. And the results are compared with the reference eurodiesel fuel. The results show that the fuel cottonseed oil biodiesel addition to the reference eurodiesel causes a very little decrease in engine power and torque for all rpms. A slight increase in specific fuel consumption was observed. It has been observed that with the addition of cottonseed oil biodiesel for all rpms at full load resulted in a decrease in smoke, HC, and CO emissions and an increase in NOx emissions. It has been observed that the ignition delay of cottonseed oil biodiesel mixtures is longer than in eurodiesel due to the low cetane number of cottonseed oil biodiesel. As the ignition delay is longer, the heat release rate has increased very quickly and the combustion duration has been shortened. The maximum combustion pressures of the fuels did not show a significant change.

PDF

___

Aksoy, F., 2016. Alkaline catalyzed biodiesel production from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) oil: Optimization of parameters and determination of fuel properties. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects,38(6), 835- 841.
An, H., Yang, W.M., Chou, S.K. and Chua, K.J., 2012. Combustion and emissions characteristics of diesel engine fueled by biodiesel at partial load conditions. Applied Energy, 99, 363-371.
Aydin, H. and Bayindir, H.,2010. Performance and emission analysis of cottonseed oil methyl ester in a diesel engine. Renewable Energy, 35(3), 588-592.
Aysal, F.E., Aksoy, F., Şahin, A., Aksoy, L. and Yıldırım, H. (2014). Optimization of biodiesel production from mustard oil and engine performance tests.Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Science & Engineering,14(2),1-9.
Azcan, N. and Danışman, A., Pamuk Yağından Transesterifikasyon ile Biyodizel Eldesi, Yedinci Ulusal Kimya Mühendisliği Kongresi, Eskişehir-Turkey,5-8 September, 2006.
Balaji, G. and Cheralathan, M.,2014. Experimental investigation to reduce emissions of CI (compression ignition) engine fuelled with methyl ester of cottonseed oil using antioxidant. International Journal of Ambient Energy, 35(1), 13-19.
Bayrakceken, H., 2011. The effects of using preheated animal tallow biodiesel on engine performance and emissions in a diesel engine. Energy Educatıon Scıence And Technology Part A-Energy Scıence And Research, 28(1), 133-142.
Berchmans, H. J. and Hirata, S., 2008. Biodiesel production from crude Jatropha curcas L. seed oil with a high content of free fatty acids. Bioresource Technology, 99(6), 1716-1721.
Buyukkaya, E., 2010. Effects of biodiesel on a DI diesel engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics. Fuel, 89(10), 3099-3105.
Canakci, M., 2007. Combustion characteristics of a turbocharged DI compression ignition engine fueled with petroleum diesel fuels and biodiesel. Bioresource Technology, 98, 1167-75.
Canakcı, M., Ozsezen A.N. and Turkcan A., 2009. Combustion analysis of preheated crude sunflower oil in an IDI diesel engine. Biomass and Bioenergy, 33,760-767.
Cetinkaya, M., Ulusoy, Y., Tekin, Y. and Karaosmanoglu, F., 2005. Engine and winter road test performances of used cooking oil originated biodiesel. Energy Conversion Management, 46, 1279-1291.
Chauhan, B.S., Kumar, N. and Cho, H.M., 2012. A study on the performance and emission of a diesel engine fueled with Jatropha biodiesel oil and its blends. Energy, 37(1), 616-622.
Çaynak, S., Gürü, M., Biçer, A., Keskin, A. and İçingür, Y., 2009. Biodiesel production from pomace oil and improvement of its properties with synthetic manganese additive. Fuel, 88(3), 534-538.
Çelik, M., Solmaz, H. and Yücesu, H.S., 2015. Examination of the effects of n-heptan addition to cotton methyl ester on the engine performance and combustion characteristics.Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 30(3), 361-369.
Emiroğlu, A.O.and Keskin, A., High free fatty acid oils and biodiesel, 11th International Combustion Symposium, Uludağ Unv and International Sarajevo Unv, June 24-27, Sarajevo, 2010.
Eryilmaz, T., Yesilyurt, M.K., Cesur, C. and Gokdogan, O., 2016. Biodiesel production potential from oil seeds in Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 58, 842-851.
Gumus, M., 2010. A comprehensive experimental investigation of combustion and heat release characteristics of a biodiesel (hazelnut kernel oil methyl ester) fueled direct injection compression ignition engine. Fuel, 89(10), 2802-2814.
Kahraman, A., Oğuz, H. and Solmaz, Ö., 2013. Effect of cottonseed oil methyl ester on the performance and exhaust emissions of a vehicle. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 2 (4), 104-110.
Kaplan, C., Arslan, R.and Surmen, A., 2006. Performance characteristics of sunflower methyl esters as biodiesel. Energy Sources (Part A), 28(8), 751-755.
Karabaş, H., 2013. Investigation of biodiesel fuel from canola oil using various reaction parameters. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 2(3), 85-91.
Karabektas, M., 2009. The effects of turbocharger on the performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel. Renewable Energy, 34(4), 989-993.
Keskin, A., Gürü, M. and Altıparmak, D., 2007. Biodiesel production from tall oil with synthesized Mn and Ni based additives: effects of the additives on fuel consumption and emissions. Fuel, 86(7), 1139-1143.
Keskin, A., Gürü, M., Altiparmak, D. and Aydin, K., 2008. Using of cotton oil soapstock biodiesel-diesel fuel blends as an alternative diesel fuel. Renewable Energy, 33(4), 553-557.
Keskin, A., Gürü, M. and Altiparmak, D., 2010. The investigation of performance and emissions characteristics of tall oil biodiesel with a co-based additive. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 32(20), 1899- 1907.
Keskin, A., 2016. Obtaining of methyl ester from poultry rendering fat and fuel properties of the diesel-ester mixtures. Materials, Methods & Technologies, 10, 668-675.
Labeckas, G. and Slavinskas, S., 2006. The effect of rapeseed oil methyl ester on directinjection diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions. Energy Conversion Management, 47, 1954-1967.
Lapuerta, M., Armas, O. and Rodriguez-Fernandez, J., 2008. Effect of biodiesel fuels on diesel engine emissions. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 34(2), 198-223.
Naik. M., Meher, L.C., Naik, S.N. and Das, L.M., 2008. Production of biodiesel from high free fatty acid Karanja (Pongamia pinnata) oil. Biomass and Bioenergy, 32(4), 354-357.
Ozsezen, A.N., Canakci, M., Turkcan, A. and Sayin, C., 2009. Performance and combustion characteristics of a DI diesel engine fueled with waste palm oil and canola oil methyl esters. Fuel, 88(4), 629-636.
Özener, O., Yüksek, L., Ergenç, A.T. and Özkan, M., 2014. Effects of soybean biodiesel on a DI diesel engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics. Fuel, 115, 875-883.
Pinto, A.C., Guarieiro, L.L., Rezende, M.J., Ribeiro, N.M., Torres, E.A., Lopes, W.A., Pereira, P.A. and Andrade, J.B., 2005. Biodiesel: an overview. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 16(6B), 1313-1330.
Pütün, E., 2010. Catalytic pyrolysis of biomass: Effects of pyrolysis temperature, sweeping gas flow rate and MgO catalyst. Energy, 35(7), 2761-2766.
Qi, D.H., Chen, H., Geng, L.M., Bian, Y.Z.H. and Ren, X.C.H., 2010. Performance and combustion characteristics of biodiesel-diesel-methanol blend fuelled engine. Applied Energy, 87,1679-86.
Rashid, U., Anwar, F. and Knothe, G., 2009. Evaluation of biodiesel obtained from cottonseed oil. Fuel Processing Technology, 90(9), 1157-1163.
Sakthivel, G., Nagarajan, G., Ilangkumaran, M. And Gaigwad, A.B., 2014. Comparative analysis of performance, emission and combustion parameters of diesel engine fuelled with ethyl ester of fish oil and its diesel blends, Fuel, 132,116-124.
Sarıdemir, S. and Albayrak, S., 2015. Kanola yağı metil esteri ve karışımlarının motor performans ve egzoz emisyonlarına olan etkileri. İleri Teknoloji Bilimleri Dergisi, 4 (1), 35-46.
Shahabuddin, M., Liaquat, A.M., Masjuki, H.H., Kalam, M.A. and Mofijur, M., 2013. Ignition delay, combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine fueled with biodiesel. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 21, 623-632.
Shu, Q., Zhang, Q., Xu, G., Nawaz, Z., Wang, D. and Wang, J., 2009. Synthesis of biodiesel from cottonseed oil and methanol using a carbon-based solid acid catalyst. Fuel Processing Technology, 90(7), 1002-1008.
Türkcan, A., Çanakcı, M., Özsezen, A.N. and Sayın, C., 2009. Bir Dizel motorda yanma karakteristiklerinin incelenmesi. Fırat Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 21, 1-10.
Usta, N., 2005. An experimental study on performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine fuelled with tobacco seed oil methyl ester. Energy Conversion Management, 46, 2373-2386.
Usta, N., Öztürk, E., Can, Ö., Conkur, E.S., Nas, S., Con, A.H., Can, A.Ç. and Topcu, M., 2005. Combustion of biodiesel fuel produced from hazelnut soapstock/waste sunflower oil mixture in a diesel engine. Energy Conversion and Management, 46(5), 741-755.
Uyumaz, A., Aksoy, F., Boz, F. and Yılmaz, E., 2017. Experimental investigation of neutralized waste cooking oil biodiesel and diesel fuels in a direct ınjection diesel engine at different engine loads. International Journal of Automotive Science and Technology, 1(1), 7-15.