Orta Gerilim Kablolarında Kısmi Boşalma Analizi Üzerine Deneysel Bir Yaklaşım

Elektriksel kısmi boşalmalar, yüksek gerilim arızalarının büyük bir çoğunluğunu oluşturmaktadır. Yalıtkanmalzemelerde hasar meydana getirebilecek kadar güçlü elektrik alanın olduğu her yerde elektrikselkısmi boşalma (deşarj) oluşabilir. Trafolarda, yüksek gerilim kablolarında veya diğer yüksek gerilimelemanlarında meydana gelen kısmi boşalmaların yeri, büyüklüğü ve meydana gelme sıklığı doğru tespitedilemezse zaman içerisinde önemli kalıcı hasarlara sebep olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, orta gerilimhatlarında yaygın olarak kullanılan XLPE kabloları üzerinde kısmi boşalma ölçüm testlerigerçekleştirilmiştir. XLPE kablolar üzerinde çeşitli küçük hasarlar (defektler) oluşturulmuş ve laboratuvarortamında bu kablolar yüksek gerilim altında test edilmiştir. Defektler, sahada kablo montajişlemlerinde meydana gelebilecek-gelebilen hasarlar ve kabloların üretiminden kaynaklanabilecek içkısmi boşalmalar göz önüne alınarak oluşturulmuştur. Testlerden elde edilen kısmi boşalma sinyallerininistatistiksel özellikleri incelenmiş ve analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak kablo üzerindeki yakın özelliktekifarklı defektlerde kısmi boşalma sinyallerinin farklı özellikler gösterebildiği görülmüştür.

An Experimental Approach to Partial Discharge Analysis in Medium Voltage Cables

Electrical partial discharges constitute a large majority of high voltage faults. Electrical partial discharge may occur wherever there is an electric field strong enough to cause damage to the insulating materials. The location, size and frequency of occurrence of partial discharges that occur in transformers, high voltage cables or other high voltage components cause significant permanent damage over time. In this study, partial discharge measurement tests are carried out on XLPE cables which are widely used in medium voltage lines. Several small defects are brought to the scene on the XLPE cables and these cables are tested under high voltage in the laboratory. Defects are occurred by taking into consideration the internal partial discharges that may arise from the production of cables and damages that may occur in the cable installation process. The statistical propertiesof partial discharge signals obtained from the tests are examined and analyzed. As a result, it is seen that partial discharge signals can show different properties in different (but very similar) defects on the cable.

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