Uğur ÇAKILCIOĞLU, Lütfi BEHÇET, Awara Mohammed A.M.A. KAWARTY

Ballakayati’nin (Erbil - Kuzey Irak) Yabani Gıda Bitkileri HakkındaGeleneksel Bilgiler

Bu çalışma, Ballakayati (Kuzey Irak - Erbil) ilçesinde yöre halkı tarafından gıda amaçlı kullanılan yabani bitkileri tespit etmeyi ve bu bitkilerin yerel adlarını ve kullanımlarını belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma 2016-2018 yılları arasında yaklaşık üç yıl boyunca gerçekleştirildi. Bu süre zarfında 62 bitki taksonu örneği toplandı. Bu çalışmada kullanılan bitkilerin literatür incelemesinde 59 taksonunun gıda amaçlı kullanıldığı tespit edilirken, literatür kayıtlarında üç bitkiye rastlanmamıştır. Yerel bitki isimleri, Kuzey Irak'taki yerel lehçelere göre farklılık gösterir. Yerel halk, ilçelerinde yetişen yabani bitkilerden yararlanmaktadır. Bu alanda yöre halkının 23 familyaya ait 62 taksonun gıda amaçlı kullandığı tespit edildi. En önemli gıda bitkileri Juglans regia L., Allium ampeloprasum L., Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb. Ayrıca gıda amaçlı kullanılan bitkiler kurutulup kış aylarında kullanılmak üzere depolanmaktadır. Bu alanda tespit ettiğimiz Carduus pycnocephalus L., Smyrnium cordifolium Boiss., Epilobium hirsutum L. gıda kullanımı ilk kez kayıt altına alındı. Bu çalışmada bu bitkilerin farklı kullanım şekilleri gözlemlenmiştir. Irak'ta etnobotanik çalışmaların sayısı giderek artmaktadır. Ancak, birçok yabani gıda bitkisinin geleneksel kullanımları henüz kaydedilmemiştir. Gıda güvenliği açısından yabani bitki taksonlarının yeterli bilgi olmadan kullanılmasından kaynaklanabilecek olumsuz etkilerin yerel halka bildirilmesi gerekmektedir.

Traditional Knowledge on Wild Food Plants in Ballakayati (Erbil - North Iraq)

This study purposes to identify wild plants used for food purposes by native people of Ballakayati districtof (Erbil-North Iraq), and to determine the vernacular names and the uses of those plants. The studywas carried out approximately for 3 years between 2016-2018. During this period of time, 62 taxa werecollected. In the literature review of the plants used in this study, 59 taxa were found to be used forfood purposes while three plants were not found in the literature records. Vernacular names differ due to the local dialects in Iraq. Local peoples benefit from the wild plants growing in their districts. In thisarea, it was found that locals use 62 plants from 23 families for food purposes. The most considerablefood plants were Juglans regia L., Allium ampeloprasum L., Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb. Moreover,plants used for food purposes are dried and stored for using them in winter. The food use of Carduuspycnocephalus L., Smyrnium cordifolium Boiss., Epilobium hirsutum L. that we found in this area wererecorded for the first time. Different using forms of those plants were observed in this study. In Iraq,the number of ethnobotanical studies is ever increasing. But traditional uses of many wild food plantshave not been recorded yet. In terms of food security, the adverse effects that may arise due to the useof wild plant taxa with-out sufficient knowledge must be reported to the local people.

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