Şeker Pancarlarında Görülen Rhizoctonia Türlerinin Özellikleri, Oluşturduğu Hastalıklar ve Korunma Yolları

İnsanların yaşamlarını sürdürebilmeleri için gerek duyduğu karbonhidratların başında şeker gelmektedir. Şeker pancarı üretimini kısıtlayan birçok faktör bulunmaktadır. Üretimini sınırlayan en önemli faktörlerden biri de şeker pancarında görülen fungal hastalıklardır. Fungal hastalıklar şeker pancarının köklerinde ve yapraklarında enfeksiyon oluşturarak verim kayıplarına neden olmaktadır. Şeker pancarı üretimi yapılan alanlarda kök çürüklükleri birçok tarım alanlarında önemli kısıtlayıcı faktörlerden biri olmuştur. Bunlardan en çok yaygın olanı Rhizoctonia türlerinin neden olduğu hastalık etmenleridir. Bu çalışmada şeker pancarının üretimini sınırlayan Rhizoctonia türlerinin özellikleri, bu türlerin sebep olduğu hastalıklar ve korunma yolları derlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Şeker pancarı, Rhizoctonia, hastalıklar, özellikler, korunma yolları

Occurence of Rhizoctonia Species on Sugar Beets, Diseases and Controls

One of the most important carbohydrates that people need to survive is sugar. There are many factors that limit the production of sugar beets. One of the most important factors limiting production is fungal diseases occure on sugar beet. Fungal diseases cause losses by resulting infections in the roots and leaves of sugar beet. In areas where sugar beet is grown, root rot has become one of the most important limiting factors for production in many agricultural areas. The most common of these are root rot caused by Rhizoctonia species. In this study, the characteristics of Rhizoctonia species limiting the production of sugar beet, the diseases caused by these species and ways of protection were reviewed.

Keywords:

sugar beet, Rhizoctonia, diseases, occurence, controls,

PDF

___

Anonim (2015) Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Tarım İstatistikleri Özeti http://www.tuik.gov.tr Erişim Tarihi: 10.06.2016.
Anonim (2011) Rhizoctonia solani. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizoctonia_solani (Erişim Tarihi: 02.12.2016).
Anonim (2013) Şeker pancarı https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eeker_pancar%C4% B1 (Erişim Tarihi: 02.12.2016).
Aydın MH, Turhan G (2009) Rhizoctonia solani'nin Fungal Antagonistlerinin Belirlenmesi Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Anadolu Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19(2): 49–72.
Baker KF, Cook RJ (1974) Biological Control of Plant Pathogens. WH Freeman and Company, p. 433–465.
Bell DK, Wells HD, Markham CR (1982) In Vitro Antagonism of Trichoderma Species against Six Fungal Plant Pathogens. Phytopathology, 72(4): 379–382.
Boosalis MG (1964) Hyperparasitism. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 2(1): 363–376.
Butler EE (1980) A method for long-time culture storage of Rhizoctonia solani. Phytopathology, 70(8): 820–821.
Carling DE, Summer DR, Singleton LL, Mihail JD, Rush CM (1992) Methods for Research on Soilborne Phytopathogenic Fungi, APS Press, St. Paul Minnesota. 157–165 p.
Chet I, Baker R (1980) Induction of Suppressiveness to Rhizoctonia solani in Soil Phytopathology, 70(10): 994–998.
Clarkson JDS, Cook RJ (1983) Effect of Sharp Eyespot (Rhizoctonia cereatis) on Yield Loss in Winter Wheat. Plant Pathology, 32(4): 421–428.
Cook RJ, Baker KF (1983) The Nature and Practice of Biological Control of Plant Pathogens. American Phytopathological Society, 539.
Dennis C, Webster J (1971) Antagonistic Properties of Species-Groups of Trichoderma: II. Production of Volatile Antibiotics. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 57(1): 41–IN4.
Dikilitaş M, Katırcıoğlu YZ, Altınok H (2011) Fungus ve Fungal Materyallerin Uzun Dönem Saklanması, Korunması ve Geri Kazanımı Üzerine Varılan Son Gelişme ve Yöntemler. Harran Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 15: 55–69.
Edson HA (1915) Seedling Diseases of Sugar Beets and Their Relation to Root Rot and Crown Rot, J. Agric. Research, 4: 135-168.
Elad Y, Chet I, Katan J (1980) Trichoderma harzianum: A Biocontrol Agent Effective against Sclerotium rolfsii and Rhizoctonia solani. Phytopathology, 70(2): 119–121.
Fenille RC, De Souza NL, Kuramae EE (2002) Characterization of Rhizoctonia solani Associated with Soybean in Brazil. European Journal of Plant Pathology 108 (8): 783–792.
Franc GD, Harveson RM, Kerr ED, Jacobsen BJ (2001) Disease management. Sugarbeet Production Guide. University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension EC01–156, University of Nebraska, pp. 131–124.
Harveson RM (2008) Rhizoctonia Root and Crown Rot Of Sugar Beet. Univ. Nebr. Ext. Publ G, 1841, April 2008.
Jacopsen BJ (2005) Root Rot Diseases of Sugar Beet 2005. IV International Symposıum on Sugar Beet 26-28 September, 110: 9–19, Novi Sad.
Jacobsen BJ (2006) Root Rot Diseases of Sugar Beet. Proc. Nat. Sci. Matica Srpska, 110: 9-19.
Kiewnick S, Jacobsen BJ, Braun A, KiewnickJL, Eckhoff A, Bergman J (2001) Integrated Control of Rhizoctonia Crown and Root Rot 17 of Sugar Beet with Fungicides and Antagonistic Bacteria, Plant Disease, 85(7): 718–722.
MacNish GC, Neate SM(1996) Rhizoctonia Bare Patch of Cereals: An Australian Perspective. Plant Disease, 80(9): 965–971.
Mohammadi M, Banihashemi M, Hedjaroude GA, Rahimian H (2003) Genetic Diversity among Iranian İsolates of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn Anastomosis Group 1 Subgroups Based on Isozyme Analysis and Total Soluble Protein Pattern. J. Phytopatology, 15: 162–170.
Neher OT, Gallian JJ (2011) Rhizoctonia on Sugarbeet: Importance, Identification, and Control in the Northwest. University of Idaho, A Pacific Northwest Extension Publication. November 2011.
O'sullivan E, Kavanagh JA (1991) Characteristics and Pathogenicity of Isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. Associated with Dampingoff of Sugar Beet. Plant pathology 40(1) : 128–135.
Ogoshi A (1987) Ecology and Pathogenicity of Anastomosis and Intraspecific Groups of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. Annual review of phytopathology, 25 (1) : 125–143.
Sürel B, Boyraz N. 2009. Şeker Pancarı Silolarında Görülen Fungal Kaynaklı Kök Çürümeleri ve Çürümeleri Etkileyen Bazı Faktörler Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Selçuk Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(49): 81–87.
Trillas MI, Casanova E, Cotxarrera L, Ordovás J, Borrero C, Avilés M (2006) Composts from Agricultural Waste and The Trichoderma asperellum Strain T-34 Suppress Rhizoctonia solani in Cucumber Seedlings. Biological Control, 39(1): 32–38.
Vilgays R, Cubeta MA (1994) Molecular Systematics and Population Biology of Rhizoctonia. Annu. Rev. Phytopathology, 32: 135–155.
Windels CE, Kuznia RA, Call J (1997) Characterization and Pathogenicity of Thanatephorus cucumeris from Sugar Beet in Minnesota, Plant Disease. 81: 245–249.
Whitney ED, Duffus JE (1986) Compendium of Beet Diseases and Insects. American Phytopathological Society, 76 p.