Mısırda Bazı Kalite Özelliklerinin Genetik Analizi

Tarla denemeleri 2015 – 2016 yetiştirme sezonlarında Konya, Türkiye koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Denemede materyal olarak 7 ana, 3 baba hat ve 2015 yılında line × tester yöntemine göre üretilmiş 21 F1 kombinasyonuna ait tohumluklar kullanılmıştır. Her bir genotipe ait tohumluklar 2016 yılının Mayıs ayının ikinci haftası içerisinde el ile 5 m uzunluğundaki sıralara “Tesadüf Blokları Deneme Deseni” ne göre üç tekerrürlü olarak 70 × 20 ekim düzeninde ekilmişlerdir. Her bir parsel 5 m uzunluğunda iki sıradan oluşacak şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Ebeveynlerin ve melezlerin koçanları Ekim ayı içerisinde tane nem oranları yaklaşık %20 olduğunda hasat edilmişlerdir. Laboratuvar analizleri 2017 – 2018 yıllarında yapılmış, analizlerde 7 ana hat, 3 test edici ve 21 melez mısır kombinasyonuna ait tohumluklar kullanılmıştır. Her bir genotipte ham yağ oranı (HYO), ham protein oranı (HPO), hektolitre ağırlığı (HA), nişasta içeriği (Nİ) ve bin tane ağırlığı (BTA) özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Popülasyonun varyans bileşenleri, ebeveynlerin genel kombinasyon yeteneği (GKY), melezlerin ise özel kombinasyon yeteneği (ÖKY) değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Hat 3.2 (HPO; 0.448*, HA; 8.794*, BTA; 24.805**), 3.4 (HPO; 0.054*, HYO; 1.019**, HA; 23.905**), 14.21 (HPO; 0.176**, HYO; 1.297**, HA; 18.349**), 3.6 (HYO; 1.441**, Nİ; 2.145**), 14.2 (Nİ; 1.675**, HA; 21.460**), 14.26 (Nİ; 2.566**, BTA; 35.550**) ve 14.20 (HPO; 0.767**)’ nin birçok özellikte pozitif ve önemli GKY değerlerine sahip oldukları izlenmiştir. Denemeden elde edilmiş bulgular denemeye konu popülasyonun arzu edilen kalite kriterlerine sahip melezlerin geliştirilmesine uygun olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

line × tester, ıslah, GKY, ÖKY, mısırda kalite

Genetic Analysis of Some Quality Traits in Maize

Field experiments were conducted during the 2015 – 2016 growing seasons in Konya, Turkey. Seven inbred lines, 3 testers and 21 F1 progenies that were produced by line x tester mating design in 2015 were used as materials. Seeds of each genotype were sown by hand to 5 m long rows according to “Randomized Complete Block Design” with three replications with spacing of 70 × 20 cm in second week of May in 2016. Each replicate plot was consisted of two 5 m long rows. Corn cobs of parentages and crosses were harvested manually in October when the moisture content of the grains was approximately 20%. Laboratory analyses were performed during the 2017 – 2018 with seeds of 7 inbred lines, 3 testers and 21 hybrid maize combinations. Crude oil content (COC), crude protein content (CPC), hectolitre weight (HW), starch content (SC) and thousand grain weight (TGW) traits of each genotype were determined. The variance compounds of the population, general combining abilities (GCAs) of the parentages and specific combining abilities (SCAs) of the progenies were calculated. Line 3.2 (CPC; 0.448*, HW; 8.794*, TGW; 24.805**), line 3.4 (CPC; 0.054*, COC; 1.019**, HW; 23.905**), line 14.21 (CPC; 0.176**, COC; 1.297**, HW; 18.349**), line 3.6 (COC; 1.441**, SC; 2.145**), line 14.2 (SC; 1.675**, HW; 21.460**), line 14.26 (SC; 2.566**, TGW; 35.550**) and line 14.20 (CPC; 0.767**) had significant and positive GCAs at several properties. Our results suggested that this population is suitable for developing progenies with appropriate quality traits.

Keywords:

breeding, GCA, line × tester, SCA, quality in maize,

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