BİTKİLERDE ATP BAĞLI KASET (ABC) TAŞIYICI PROTEİNLERİNİN YAPISAL ÖZELLİKLERİ

ATP Bağlayan Kaset (ABC) Taşıyıcıları membran proteinleri içerisinde en büyük ve çeşitlenmiş ailelerden birisidir. Temelde ATP hidrolizi ile oluşan enerjiyi kullanarak hücre membranından madde geçişinden sorumludurlar. Diğer taraftan ailenin bazı üyeleri RNA susturulması ve kromozom stabilizasyonu gibi farklı metabolik olaylarda rol alırlar. ABC taşıyıcıları yapısal olarak iki Nükleotid Bağlanma Domaini (NBD) ve iki Transmembran Domain'den (TMD) oluşurlar. Genetik hastalık, çoklu ilaç direnci ve kanser ile ilişkili olduğundan dolayı ABC taşıyıcıları, memeli ve mikrobiyal sistemlerde yoğun bir şekilde çalışılmış olmasına rağmen, bitkilerde pek fazla çalışmaya rastlanmamaktadır. Bitkilerde ABC taşıyıcıları, abiyotik/biyotik stres cevabının kontrolü ve bitki gelişiminde önemli görevler almaktadır. Bu derlemede ABC taşıyıcılarının yapıları ve görevleri hakkında genel bilgi verilerek, bitkilerde ABC taşıyıcıları hakkında yapılmış çalışmalar tartışılmıştır.

Structure of Atp Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporters in Plants

ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporters are one of the largest and diverse protein families in membrane proteins. They are mainly responsible for transporting the substrates across the cellular membrane by using energy from ATP hydrolysis. However some members of this family play different roles in metabolism such as RNA silencing, chromosome stabilization etc. The main structure of ABC transporters consists of two Nucleotide Binding Domains (NBDs) and two Transmembrane Domains (TMDs). ABC Transporters have been widely studied in mammalian and microbial systems because of their relation with genetic disorders, multidrug resistance and cancer. On the other hand plant ABC transporters play important roles in regulating abiotic/biotic stress response and plant development. This review summarizes literature relevant to the studies of plant ABC transporters, and reviews their structure and functions.

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