Zeynep DAŞIKAN, Özlem GÜNER, Tuğçe BOZKURT

İkinci ve Üçüncü Trimester Gebelerin Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyi ve Fiziksel Aktivite Engelleri

Amaç: Gebeliğin ikinci ve üçüncü trimestirinde olan sağlıklı gebe kadınların fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ve engelleri ile etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel niteliktedir. Çalışma Şubat-Mayıs 2016 tarihleri arasında İzmir de kamusal bir üniversite hastanesinin gebe izlem polikliniğine başvuran ve sağlıklı 246 gebe ile yürütülmüştür. Verilerin toplanmasında Tanıtıcı Özellikler Formu, Fiziksel Aktivite Engelleri Formu ve Egzersiz Davranışları Anketi (EDA) kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde; spearman korelasyon analizi, kruskal-wallis varyansı ve mann-whitney U testi kullanılmıştırBulgular: Araştırmaya katılan kadınların yaş ortalaması 27.85+4.01 ve gebelik haftası ortalaması 26.33+3.69’dur. Kadınların %78’i gebelik öncesi Fiziksel Aktivite algısını aktif ifade etmiş, gebelikte ise bu oran Egzersiz Davranışları Anketine göre %54.1’i aktif olarak saptanmıştır.Araştırmaya katılan gebe kadınların en fazla yaşadıkları fiziksel aktivite engelleri sırasıyla; motivasyon/ istek eksikliği (%50.4), bilgi eksikliği (%32.5) zaman yokluğu (%30.1), aile/eş desteğinin olmaması (%28.5) uygun olmayan hava koşulları (%26) ve bir işte çalışmak (%24) olarak belirlenmiştir. Gelir durumu düşük olan, çekirdek ailede yaşayan, multigravida, plansız gebeliği olan ve gebelik öncesi aktivitesini hareketsiz algılayan kadınların Egzersiz Davranışları Anketi medyan değeri yüksek saptanmıştır (p<0.05).Sonuç: Gebe kadınların yaklaşık yarısı inaktifdir. Fiziksel aktivite yapmadaki engellerin başında motivasyon eksikliği gibi kişisel engeller yer almaktadır. Sağlık profesyonelleri gebe kadınlara, fiziksel aktivite ve yararları hakkında danışmalık yapmalı ve davranışa dönüştürmesi konusunda destekleyici olmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Gebelik, fiziksel aktivite, yararları, engeller, prenatal bakım

Physical Activity Level and Barriers of Second and Third Trimester Pregnant Women

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the physical activity level and barriers, the factors affecting them of healthy pregnant women in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.Material and Method: The research was descriptive and cross-sectional. The study was carried out with 246 healthy pregnant women at the antenatal care of a public university hospital in İzmir between February-May 2016. Descriptive Characteristic Form, Physical Activity Barriers Form and Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (LTPA) was used for data collect. The analysis of data was analyzed by Spearman Correlation, Kruskal-Wallis Variance, and Mann-Whitney U test.Result: The women age mean in the study was 27.85+4.01. Women participating in our study were expressed as active 78% of the physical activity perception before pregnancy and this rate was declared as active 54.1% in pregnancy according to Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire Physical activity barriers experienced by the participants were as follows; lack of motivation / request (50.4%), lack of information (32.5%), lack of time (30.1%), lack of family / spouse support (28.5%), inappropriate weather conditions (26%) and working life (24%). Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire median values were statistically significantly increased in women with low-income status, living in nuclear family, having multigravida, having an unplanned pregnancy and perceived motionless the activity before pregnancy. Conclusion: About half of pregnant women are inactive. Personal barriers such as lack of motivation are the main obstacles in physical activity. Health professionals should advise pregnant women about the physical activity and benefits, and motivate them to do.

Keywords:

Pregnancy physical activity, exercise, benefits, barriers, prenatal care,

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