Muhtarlar ve Topluluk-Temelli Afet Yönetişimi

Türkiye’de devletin modernleşme çabalarının bir ürünü olarak doğan ve 1829’dan berivarlığını bugüne kadar koruyan muhtarlık kurumu yerli ve özgün bir teşkilattır. Muhtarlar,belli sürelerle çoğunlukla yerel halk içinden doğrudan yerel halkın oylarıyla seçilirler.Bu durum onları yerel halk ile daha yakın bağlar kurmaya, yerel sorunlar ve ihtiyaçlarıyakından bilmeye ve mahalleleri hakkında zengin bir veri kaynağı olmaya sevk eder.Bu özellikleriyle muhtarlar topluluk temelli afet yönetişiminde ve onun asli bir aşamasıolan hazırbulunuşluk sürecinde önemli aktörler olma potansiyelini taşırlar.Ancak fiili durumda muhtarlar ne denli bu rolü oynamaktadırlar ya da oynamalarınaolanak sağlanmaktadır? Muhtarlar, afetlere hazırbulunuşluk süreçlerinde yönetişimilkesine ne kadar ortaktırlar? Bu sorular bu makalenin problematiğini teşkil etmektedir.Makale, topluluk temelli doğal afet yönetiminin Türkiye’deki özel durumunu birçokdoğal afet riskinin yoğun hissedildiği illerden biri olan Balıkesir örnek olay incelemesiçerçevesinde, doğal afet yönetişimindeki rolü genellikle ihmal edilen muhtarlarüzerinden incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.Makale, fenomenolojik bir yöntem anlayışıyla derinlemesine mülakat tekniği kullanılarak50 muhtardan elde edilen verileri kullanmaktadır. Ulaşılan en önemli bulgu,politik seçkinlerin yerel bilgiyi önemsememe ve sürece dâhil etmeme eğilimlerindendolayı muhtarların afet hazırbulunuşluğu süreçlerinden dışlandıkları ve potansiyelkatkılarının kısıtlandığıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Doğal Afet, Hazırbulunuşluk, Yerel Topluluk, Muhtarlar, Topluluk Temelli Afet Yönetişimi

Muhtars and Community-Based Disaster Governance

Born as a product of Turkey’s modernization efforts, the institute of muhtarlık isan indigenous and unique organization that has been able to protect its presencesince 1829 to date. Muhtars (headmen of neighborhood) are elected for a certainperiod of time by direct votes of local people, mostly from local people. This leadsthem to build closer ties with the local community, to know closely local problemsand needs, and to become a rich source of data on their neighborhoods. With thesecharacteristics, muhtars have the potential to become important actors in community-based disaster governance and in its essential stage of preparedness.But to what extent do muhtars play or are allowed to play this role? Are muhtarsnatural partners of governance in terms of disaster preparedness? These questionsconstitute the problematic of this paper. The paper aims to examine special statusof community-based disaster management in Turkey within the framework of acase study of Balikesir, which is one of the provinces where of many natural disasterrisks are felt intensely. In doing so the study is focused on muhtars whose role innatural disaster governance is generally neglected.The paper uses data obtained from 50 muhtars using an in-depth interview techniquewith a phenomenological methodology. The most important finding is thatdue to the tendency of the political elite to ignore and not include local knowledge,the muhtars are excluded from the disaster preparedness processes and their potentialcontribution is limited.

Keywords:

Natural Disaster, Disaster Preparedness, Local Community, Muhtars, Community-Based Disaster Governance,

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