Tendürek Müflon Populasyonunun Genetik Çeşitliliği

Genetik çeşitlilik, bir populasyonun uzun süreli hayatta kalma kabiliyetini etkileyen önemli bir faktördür. Biyoçeşitliliğin çalışılması, nesli tükenmekte olan türlerin korunması için uygun kararların alınmasındaki temel yaklaşımdır. Bu amaçla, Tendürek Milli Parkı müflon populasyonundan 75 adet biyolojik örnek toplandı. Kan, et, yapağı ve kemik örneklerinden yüksek nitelikli genomik DNA ekstrakte edildi. Genetik çeşitlilik analizi için 10 mikrosatelit lokusluk bir dizin seçildi. PCR ve elektroforez sonuçlarına göre çalışılan tüm belirteçlerin polimorfik olduğu bulundu. On mikrosatelit lokusu boyunca her bir lokus için ortalama 6,1 alel içeren toplam 61 alel saptandı. Gözlenen en yüksek allel sayısı (8 alel) MAF36 lokusuna; en düşüğü (5 alel) ise OarFCB304 ve OarHH47 lokusuna ait idi. Gözlenen ve beklenen ortalama heterozigosite değerleri sırasıyla 0,5842 ve 0,7849 olarak belirlendi. Çalışmada, ortalama fiksasyon indeksi (FST) 0,2508 idi. Sonuçlara göre Tendürek müflon populasyonunda soy içi eşleşmenin tehlikeli derecede yüksek oranlara ulaştığı gözlendi. Bulgular, türün hayatta kalması için oldukça büyük önem taşıyan genetik çeşitliliğin bu populasyonda azaldığını işaret etmektedir.

Genetic Diversity of Tendürek Mouflon Population

Genetic diversity is an important factor influencing a population’s capability of long term survival. Studying biodiversityis a basic approach to make suitable decisions to protect theendangered species. For this purpose, 75 biological sampleswere collected from Tendürek National Park mouflon population. High quality genomic DNA was extracted from blood,meat, hair and bone samples. A set of ten microsatellite lociwere selected for analysis of genetic variability. Based on PCRand electrophoresis results, all studied markers were foundpolymorphic. Across the 10 microsatellite loci, total 61 alleleswith an average number of 6.1 allele per locus were detected.The highest number of observed alleles belonged to MAF36locus (8 allele) and the lowest was for OarFCB304 and OarHH47 loci (5 allele). Mean observed heterozygosity and meanexpected heterozygosity were 0.5842 and 0.7849 respectively.Mean Fixation index (FST) in this study was 0.2508. Results revealed that inbreeding in Tendürek mouflon population hasincreased to dangerously high levels. These findings indicatethe reduction of genetic diversity in this population that is sonecessary for survival of this species.

PDF

___

Arranz, J., Bayn, Y., San Primitivo F., 2001. Differentiation among Spanish sheep breeds using microsatellites. Genetics Selection Evolution 33, 529-542. [CrossRef]
Baumung, R., Simianer, H., Hoffmann I., 2004. Genetic diversity studies in farm animals–a survey. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 121, 361-373. [CrossRef] Bon, R., Dardaillon, M., Estevez, I., 1993. Mating and Lambing Periods as Related to Age of Female Mouflon. Journal of Mammalogy 74, 752-757. [CrossRef]
Buchanan, F. C., Adams, L. J., Littlejohn, R. P., Maddox, J. F., Crawford, A. M., 1994. Determination of evolutionary relationships among sheep breeds using microsatellites. Genomics 22, 397-403. [CrossRef]
Bulte, E., Rondeau, D., 2007. Compensation for wildlife damages: Habitat conversion, species preservation and local welfare. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 54, 311-322. [CrossRef]
Clevenger, A. P., Waltho, N., 2000. Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Wildlife Underpasses in Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada. Conservation Biology 14, 47-56. [CrossRef]
Crawford, A. M., Dodds, K. G., Ede, A. J., Pierson, C. A., Montgomery, G. W., Garmonsway, H. G., Beattie, A. E., Davies, K., Maddox, J. F., Kappes, S. W., Stone, R. T., Nguyen, T. C., Penty, J. M., Lord, E. A., Broom, J. E., Buitkamp, J., Schwaiger, W., Epplen, J. T., Matthew, P., Matthews, M. E., Hulme, D. J., Beh, K. J., McGraw, R. A., Beattie, C. W., 1995. An Autosomal Genetic Linkage Map of the Sheep Genome. Genetics 140, 703-724.
de Gortari, M. J., Freking, B. A., Cuthbertson, R. P., Kappes, S. M., Keele, J. W., Stone, R. T., Leymaster, K. A., Dodds, K. G., Crawford, A. M., Beattie, C. W., 1998. A second-generation linkage map of the sheep genome. Mammalian Genome 9, 204-209. [CrossRef]
Diez-Tascón, C., Littlejohn, R. P., Almeida, P. A. R., Crawford, A. M., 2000. Genetic variation within the Merino sheep breed: analysis of closely related populations using microsatellites. Animal Genetics 31, 243-251. [CrossRef]
FAO. 2001. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System. (http://dad. fao.org/).
Goyache, F., Gutierrez, J. P., Fernandez, I., Gomez, E., Alvarez, I., Diez, J., Royo, L. J., 2003. Using pedigree information to monitor genetic variability of endangered populations: the Xalda sheep breed of Asturias as an example. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 120, 95-105. [CrossRef]
Kappes, S. M., Keele, J. W., Stone, R. T., McGraw, R. A., Sonstegard, T. S., Smith, T. P. L., Lopez-Corrales, N. L., Beattie, C. W., 1997. A second-generation linkage map of the bovine genome. Genome Research 7, 235-249. [CrossRef]
Leopold, A. S., Cain, S. A., Cottam, C. M., Gabrielson, I. N., Kimball, T., 1963. Wildlife management in the national parks. American Forests 32-65.
Mace, G. M., Baillie, J. E. M., 2007. The 2010 Biodiversity Indicators: Challenges for Science and Policy. Conservation Biology 21, 1406-1413. [CrossRef]
Maddox, J. F., Davies, K. P., Crawford, A. M., Hulme, D. J., Vaiman, D., Cribiu, E. P., Freking, B. A., Beh, K. J., Cockett, N. E., Kang, N., Riffkin, C. D., Drinkwater, R., Moore, S. S., Dodds, K. G., Lumsden, J. M., van Stijn, T. C., Phua, S. H., Adelson, D. L., Burkin, H. R., Broom, J. E., Buitkamp, J., Cambridge, L., Cushwa, W. T., Gerard, E., Galloway, S. M., Harrison, B., Hawken, R. J., Hiendleder, S., Henry, H. M., Medrano, J. F., Paterson, K. A., Schibler, L., Stone, R. T., van Hest, B., 2001. An Enhanced Linkage Map of the Sheep Genome Comprising More Than 1000 Loci. Genome Research 11, 1275-1289. [CrossRef]
Mukesh, M., Sodhi, M., Bhatia, S., 2006. Microsatellite-based diversity analysis and genetic relationships of three Indian sheep breeds. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 123, 258-264. [CrossRef]
Mukesh, M., Sodhi, M., Bhatia, S., Mishra, B. P., 2004. Genetic diversity of Indian native cattle breeds as analysed with 20 microsatellite loci. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 121, 416-424.
Nei, M. 1978. Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics 89, 583– 590.
Pardeshi, V. C., Kadoo, N. Y., Sainani, M. N., Meadows, J. R. S., Kijas, J. W., Gupta, V. S., 2007. Mitochondrial haplotypes reveal a strong genetic structure for three Indian sheep breeds. Animal Genetics 38, 460-466. [CrossRef]
Peter, C., Prinzenberg, E. M., Erhardt, G., the ECONOGENE Consortium. 2005. Null allele at the OarAE129 locus and corresponding allele frequencies in German sheep breeds. Animal Genetics 36, 92. [CrossRef]
Peter, C., Bruford, M., Perez, T., Dalamitra, S., Hewitt, G., Erhardt, G., 2007. Genetic diversity and subdivision of 57 European and Middle-Eastern sheep breeds. Animal Genetics 38, 37-44. [CrossRef]
Peter, C., Bruford, M., Perez, T., Dalamitra, S., Hewitt, G., Erhardt, G., the ECONOGENE Consortium. 2007. Genetic diversity and subdivision of 57 European and Middle-Eastern sheep breeds. Animal Genetics 38, 37-44. [CrossRef]
Petit, E., Aulagnier, S., Bon, R., Dubois, M., Crouau-Roy, B., 1997. Genetic Structure of Populations of the Mediterranean Mouflon (Ovis gmelini). Journal of Mammalogy 78, 459-467. [CrossRef]
Ptak, G., Clinton, M., Barboni, B., Muzzeddu, M., Cappai, P., Tischner, M., Loi, P., 2002. Preservation of the Wild European Mouflon: The First Example of Genetic Management Using a Complete Program of Reproductive Biotechnologies. Biology of Reproduction 66, 796-801. [CrossRef]
Tapio, M., Marzanov, N., Ozerov, M., Cinkulov, M., Gonzarenko, G., Kiselyova, T., Murawski, M., Viinalass, H., Kantanen, J., 2006. Sheep Mitochondrial DNA variations in European, Caucasian and Central Asian areas. Molecular Biology Evolution 23, 1776-1783. [CrossRef]
Valdez, R. 1976. Fecundity of Wild Sheep (Ovis orientalis) in Iran. Journal of Mammalogy 57, 762-763. [CrossRef]
Weir, B. C., Cockerham, C. C., 1984. Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure. Evolution 38, 1358–1370. [CrossRef]
Yeh, F. C., Yang, R. C., Boyle, T., 1999. POPGENE: Microsoft Window-based Freeware for Population Genetic Analysis - Quick User Guide. University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.