Fizyoterapist bakış açısıyla beyin felçli çocukların rehabilitasyonu

Çocuk rehabilitasyonu, doğum öncesi, doğumda ya da doğum sonrası nedenlerle oluşabilen fiziksel, zihinsel, duyu-algı ya da bilişsel bozuklukların yarattığı özür ya da engel tablosuna ekip yaklaşımını gerektirir. Beyin felci (BF), fonksiyonel aktivitelerde kısıtlılıklara neden olan, postür ve hareket sistemindeki ilerleyici olmayan, kalıcı bozukluk olarak tanımlanabilir; bu tabloya duyu, algı ve iletişim sorunları, epilepsi ve kas-iskelet sistemi sorunları da eşlik edebilmektedir. Rehabilitasyon uygulamaları içinde fizyoterapi yaklaşımları, duyusal ve motor deneyimleri normalleştirmek, düzgün postür ve bağımsız fonksiyonel aktiviteyi sağlamak, kas tonusunu düzenlemeye çalışmak, görsel ve işitsel reaksiyonları geliştirmek, normal motor gelişimi desteklemek ve motor kontrolü sağlamak, var olan hareketin kalitesini artırmak, yürümeyi geliştirmek, oluşabilecek yumuşak doku, eklem ve postür bozukluklarını önlemeye çalışmak, ortopedik ve cerrahi girişimleri desteklemek ve sonuçta çocuğu gençlik ve yetişkin dönemlerine hazırlamak gibi genel amaçları taşır. Gerçekçi hedefler ve önceliklerin belirlenmesi, ailenin bilgilendirilmesi ve fizyoterapi programına aktif katılımının sağlanması fizyoterapinin başarısını artıracaktır. Bu derlemede BF’li çocuklarda güncel rehabiltasyon yaklaşımları ve fizyoterapi uygulamaları incelenmeye çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Rehabilitasyon, Özürlülük değerlendirmesi, Egzersiz tedavisi, Fizik tedavi yöntemleri, Hareket açıklığı, eklem, Fizyoterapist, Beyin felci, Çocuk, Kas, iskelet

Rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy from a physiotherapist’s perspective

Pediatric rehabilitation requires a multidisciplinary team approach to disabilities or handicaps caused by physical mental, sensory-perceptional, or cognitive disorders due to prenatal, natal, or postnatal causes. Cerebral palsy (CP) i deﬁned as persistent but not progressive disorder of pos ture and movement system, associated with functional ac tivity limitations and sensorial, cognitive, communication problems, epilepsy, and musculoskeletal system problems Physiotherapy approaches in rehabilitation application aim to normalize sensorial and motor functions, provid normal posture and independent functional activity, regu late muscle tone, improve visual and auditory reactions support normal motor development and motor control improve ambulation and endurance, increase the quality of the existing movements, prevent soft tissue, joint and postural disorders, support orthopedic and surgical pro cedures, and ﬁnally to prepare the child for the adolescen and adult periods. Setting realistic goals, determination o the priorities, informing the family and enhancing family participation in physiotherapy programs will increase th success of physiotherapy. This article reviews current re habilitation approaches and physiotherapy applications fo children with CP.

Keywords:

Rehabilitation, Disability Evaluation, Exercise Therapy, Physical Therapy Modalities, Range of Motion, Articular, Physical Therapists, Cerebral Palsy, Child, Muscle, Skeletal,

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