Temporomandibular düzensizlik tanı kriterlerini kullanarak temporomandibular bozukluğu olan hastaların klinik değerlendirilmesi ve sınıflandırılması

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, ‘temporomandibular düzensizlikler için teşhis kriterlerini (DC-TMD)’ kullanarak, temporomandibular düzensizlik şikâyeti olan hastalarda klinikte alt grupların dağılım sıklığını değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya, temporomandibular düzensizlik (TMD) şikâyeti olan 128 hasta (92 kadın ve 36 erkek, yaş ortalaması 33.5 ± 8.28) dahil edildi. DC/TMD Eksen I tanı kriterleri ile ağrı bozuklukları ve temporomandibular eklem (TME) düzensizliklerinin dağılımı incelendi. DC/TMD Eksen I’de yer alan TMD Ağrı anketi (TMD Pain Screener) ile de son 30 gün boyunca mevcut ağrının incelemesi yapılmıştır. Semptomların şiddetini ve fonksiyon kısıtlılığını belirlemek için DC/TMD Eksen II değerlendirme araçlarından biri olan ‘Çene Fonksiyon Kısıtlanma Skalası-8 (JFLS-8)’tercih edilmiştir. Verilerin analizi Ki-kare, Kruskal Wallis testi ve Bonferroni düzeltmeli Mann-Whitney U testi kullanılarak yapılmıştır.Bulgular: Çalışmada 128 hastanın 120’sinde (%93.75) kas ağrı bozukluğuna eşlik eden TME düzensizliği vardı. Cinsiyet ve yaşın, TME/kas ağrı bozuklukları üzerine etkisi anlamlı değildir (sırasıyla, TME düzensizliği p=0.123, p=0.263; kas ağrı bozukluğu p=0.145, p=0.100). JFLS-8’e göre, diğer gruplarla karşılaştırıldığında ‘kısıtlı ağız açıklığı olan redüksiyonsuz disk deplasmanı’ grubunda, çiğnemede zorluk (1 ve 2. maddeler) ve eklem hareketinde kısıtlılık (4. madde) majör şikayetler olarak bulunmuştur (p=0.001, p=0.004, p=0.007, p<0.008). Sonuç: DC/TMD Eksen I, TMD tanısı ve değerlendirilmesinde klinisyenler için önemli bir referans olup, DC/TMD Eksen II’de JFLS-8, TMD’ye bağlı çene fonksiyon kısıtlılığın tespitinde etkin bir değerlendirme aracıdır.

Clinical evaluation and classification of patients with temporomandibular disorders using ‘Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders’

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of subgroups in a clinical setting of the patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) using ‘Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD)’. Materials and Method: A total of 128 patients with TMD (92 females and 36 males, mean age 33.5 ± 8.28) were involved in the study. DC/TMD Axis I diagnosis criteria was used for the clinical examination of pain disorders and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. Also, in DC/TMD Axis I, The TMD Pain Screener, focusing on pain within the last 30 days, was used. In DC/TMD Axis II evaluation, the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale-8 (JFLS-8) was preferred to detect symptom severity and functional limitations. The data analysis was conducted by using the Chi-square, Kruskal Wallis test, and the Bonferroni correction for the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Out of 128 patients, 120 patients (93.75%) had TMJ disorders that were accompanied by muscle pain disorders. The effect of gender and age on TMJ/muscle pain disorders was not significant (TMJ disorders; p=0.123, p=0.263; Muscle pain disorders; p=0.145, p=0.100, respectively). According to JFLS-8, the limitation in mastication (item 1 and 2) and joint mobility (item 4) were major complaints in the group of patients with ‘disc displacement without reduction with limited opening’ compared to the other TMJ disorders (p=0.001, p=0.004, p=0.007, p<0.008). Conclusion: DC/TMD Axis I is a significant reference to clinicians in the diagnosis and evaluation of TMD. In DC/TMD Axis II, JFLS-8 is an efficient instrument for the measurement of functional limitation associated with temporomandibular disorders.

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