Nehir Canıgür Bavbek, Burcu Baloş Tuncer, Eda Köksal, Cumhur Tuncer, Nevin Şanlıer

Ortodontik maloklüzyona sahip bireylerde diyet kalitesini etkileyen faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi

AMAÇ: Çalışmanın amacı, ortodontik maloklüzyonu olan adolesanların diyet kalitesini etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesidir.GEREÇ ve YÖNTEM: Çalışmada, genel sağlığı ve ağız bakımı iyi olan 46 kız ve 30 erkek bireyin (ortalama yaş 11.4 ± 1.4 yıl) demografik bilgileri ve diyetlerine ilişkin verileri kullanıldı. Veriler, bireylerin iskelet büyüme modeli, maloklüzyonu, overjet ve overbite ilişkisi, toplam posterior fonksiyonel diş ünitesi sayısı (PFDU) ve ebeveynlerin eğitim düzeyi ile ilişkilendirilerek değerlendirildi. Bireylerin diyet alım miktarı 24-saatlik diyet takibi listesi yöntemiyle ölçüldü. Diyet kalitesi ise Sağlıklı Yeme İndeksi (HEI-2010) ile değerlendirildi. Enerji ve besin değerleri Beslenme Bilgi Sistemi (BeBiS) programı ile hesaplandı. Gruplar arası karşılaştırma için Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal-Wallis testleri kullanıldı.BULGULAR: Annenin eğitim düzeyinin total HEI (p = 0.002), total meyve (p = 0.007), bütün meyve (p = 0.018) ve rafine tahıl (p = 0.044) skorlarını etkilediği bulundu. İskelet büyüme modelinin, maloklüzyonun, overjet’in ve overbite’nin ise diyet kalitesini etkilemediği gözlendi. Overbite; enerji (r = 0.297, p = 0.009), karbonhidrat (r = 0.238, p = 0.039) ve protein (r = 0.305, p = 0.007) alımı ile korele bulundu. Overjet, yeşil yapraklı sebzeler ve kuru baklagillere ilişkin skor ile pozitif korelasyon gösterdi (r = 0.238, p = 0.038). PFDU sayısı beden kitle indeksi ile pozitif korelasyon gösterdi (r = 0.327, p = 0.004).SONUÇ: Klinik açıdan maloklüzyon, adolesan bireylerin beslenme alışkanlıklarını değiştirecek düzeyde önemli bir role sahip olmayabilir. Ancak annenin eğitim düzeyi adolesan dönemdeki diyet kalitesini etkileyen ana değişkendir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Beslenme alışkanlıkları, beslenme davranışı, demografik faktörler, maloklüzyon

Evaluation of factors affecting the diet quality of patients with orthodontic malocclusion

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to assess factors which may contribute to the diet quality of adolescents with orthodontic malocclusion.MATERIALS and METHOD: Demographic and dietary data of 46 girls and 30 boys (mean age 11.4 ± 1.4 years), with good oral and systemic health were obtained. Data were evaluated in relation to skeletal growth pattern, malocclusion, overjet, overbite, number of posterior functional tooth units (PFTU) and parental education level. Dietary intake was measured by using 24-hour dietary recall method, and diet quality was assessed by using the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010). Energy and nutrient intake was calculated by using the Nutrition Information System (BeBiS) program. Intergroup comparisons were performed by using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests.RESULTS: Maternal education level affected the total HEI (p = 0.002), total fruit (p = 0.007), whole fruit (p = 0.018) and refined grains (p = 0.044) scores. Skeletal growth patterns, malocclusions, overjet and overbite did not alter the diet quality. Overbite was positively correlated with energy (r = 0.297, p = 0.009), carbohydrate (r = 0.238, p = 0.039) and protein (r = 0.305, p = 0.007) intake. Overjet was positively correlated with greens and beans scores (r = 0.238, p = 0.038). PFTU was positively correlated with the body mass index (r = 0.327, p = 0.004).CONCLUSION: From a clinical perspective, malocclusion may not have a significant impact on the nutritional habits of adolescents. Maternal educational level, however, was found to be the main determinant for the diet quality during adolescence.

Keywords:

Demographic factors, diet habits, feeding behavior, malocclusion,

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