Gestasyonel Diyabetes Mellitus Hastalarında Doğum Sonrası Tip 2 Diyabet Sıklığı

Amaç: Çalışmamızda postpartum dönemde tip 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) sıklığı ve risk faktörleri ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Malatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi, Malatya Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Endokrinoloji polikliniğinde gestasyonel diyabet tanısı alan, takip ve tedavisi edilen ve postpartum Oral Glikoz Tolerans Testi (OGTT) yapılan hastalar dahil edilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya 157 hasta dahil edildi. Yaş ortalaması 31,8±5,6 idi. Gebelik boyunca takibi ve tedavisi ile izlendikten sonra postpartum 8. haftada 75 gramlık OGTT yapıldı. Yirmi üç hastada (%14,64) bozulmuş glikoz toleransı (BGT), 18 hastada (%11,46) bozulmuş açlık glikozu (BAG) ve 17 hastada (%10,8) tip 2 DM tespit edilmiş olup 99 hastamızın (%63,5) normal glikoz değerleri tespit edilmiştir. Postpartum dönemde DM varlığı açısından değerlendirildiğinde anamnezinde gestasyonel DM öyküsü (p=0,305) ve aile öyküsü varlığı ya da yokluğu açısından farklılık saptanmadı (p=0,095). DM varlığı açısından insülin tedavisi alan hastalar ile diyet tedavisi alan hastalar arasında ise anlamlı farklılık vardı (p=0,001). Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonucunda postpartum dönemde tip 2 DM gelişiminin anne yaşının yüksekliği ve vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) artışının beraberliği ile ilişkili olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Yaşam şekli değişikliği ile sağlanacak ideal kilo ile gebe kalmak tip 2 DM riskin ve uzun vadede diyabete bağlı komplikasyonlarda azalma gösterebilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Diyabet, gebelik, obezite, insülin

Postpartum Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Frequency of Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Aim: This study aims to examine the frequency of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in the postpartum period and its relationship with other risk factors. Materials and Methods: Patients who were diagnosed, followed up and treated for gestational diabetes in Malatya Turgut Özal University, Malatya Training and Research Hospital Endocrinology outpatient clinic and who underwent Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) in the postpartum period were included. Results: In our retrospective study, 157 patients were included. The mean age was 31.8±5.6 years. After being followed up with her follow-up and treatment throughout the pregnancy, OGTT administered with 75 grams of glucose was performed at the postpartum 8th week. Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was detected in 23 patients (14.64%), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in 18 patients (11.46%), and type 2 DM in 17 patients (10.8%). When evaluated in terms of the presence of DM in the postpartum period, no difference was found regarding the history of gestational DM in the anamnesis (p=0.305) and the presence or absence of family history (p=0.095). In terms of the presence of DM, there was a significant difference between the patients receiving insulin therapy and those receiving diet therapy (p=0.001). Conclusion: We can say that type 2 DM development in the postpartum period is associated with high maternal age and an increase in body mass index (BMI). Being pregnant with the ideal weight to be achieved by lifestyle changes may decrease the risk of type 2 DM and diabetes-related complications in the long term.

Keywords:

diabetes, gestational, obesity, insulin,

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