Karadeniz’in Güney-doğu Kıyılarında Mezgit Balığının, Merlangius merlangus Besin Kompozisyonu

Bu çalışmada, Karadeniz'in güney-doğu kıyılarındaki mezgit, Merlangius merlangus balıklarının besinleri ve besleme alışkanlıkları mevsimsel olarak araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, Eylül 2016-Ağustos 2017 arasında avlanan ve boyları 12,7-18,6 cm, ağırlıkları 17-56,5 g arasında değişen 762 bireyin mide içeriği analiz edilmiştir. İncelenen midelerin %75,7'sinin (577 mide) boş olduğu belirlenmiştir. En fazla boş mideye sonbaharda (%76,9), en az boş mideye ise kış (%74,5) mevsiminde rastlanmıştır. Mezgit balığı midelerinde makroskopik olarak yapılan incelemelerde besin olarak balık türlerinden istavrit, Trachurus mediterraneus, hamsi, Engraulis encrasicolus, mezgit, Merlangius merlangus, çaça, Sprattus sprattus ve kaya balığı, Gobius sp. ile mollusklardan Gastrapoda tespit edilmiştir. En önemli besinin istavrit (%IRI=43,2) olduğu, onu hamsi (%IRI=32,0) ve kendi türünün (mezgit) (%IRI=19,3) izlediği saptanmıştır. Mezgit balığı diyetinde çaça ve kaya balığının önemi diğer balık türlerine göre daha düşük bulunmuştur. İlkbahar ve yaz mevsimlerinde en önemli besin istavrit iken, sonbahar ve kış mevsimlerinde hamsidir. Kanibalizm ilkbaharda en yüksek (%F=25) iken, bunu sırasıyla yaz (%F=23,8), sonbahar (%F=21,6) ve kış (%F=16,2) mevsimleri izlemiştir. Mezgit balıklarının kendi türüne ait boylarının %37,6'sına, ağırlıklarının %11,2'sine kadar olan bireyleri besin olarak tükettikleri belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Güney-doğu Kareadeniz, Mezgit, Merlangius merlangus, Besin kompozisyonu, Kanibalizm

Food Composition of the Whiting, Merlangius merlangus in the South-eastern Coast of the Black Sea

In this study, the food composition of whiting, Merlangius merlangus, from the South-eastern coasts of the Black Sea was seasonally investigated. With this aim, stomach contents of 762 specimens, the total length of 12.7-18.6 cm, and the body weight of 17-56.5 g, collected between September 2016 and August 2017 were analyzed. It was determined that 75.7% (577 stomachs) of the stomachs examined were empty. The percentage of empty stomachs didn’t show seasonal variation with maximal occurrence in autumn (76.9%) and minimal in winter (74.5%). The prey items identified macroscopically in the stomachs were horse mackerel, Trachurus mediterraneus, anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus, whiting, Merlangius merlangus, sprat, Sprattus sprattus, goby, Gobius sp. from fish species and Gastrapod from Mollusca. Horse mackerel was the most important ingested prey (IRI%=43.2), followed by anchovy (IRI%=32.0) and whiting (IRI%=19.3). In the diet of the whiting, the sprat and the goby were less important than other fish species. The most important food was horse mackerel in the spring and summer seasons, while it was anchovy in the autumn and winter seasons. Cannibalism was the highest (F%=25) in the spring period and followed by summer (F%=23.8), autumn (F%=21.6) and winter (F%=16.2), respectively. It was determined that whiting consumed individuals of their species as food, up to 37.6% of their length and 11.2% of their weight.

Keywords:

South-eastern Black Sea, Whiting, Merlangius merlangus, Food composition, Cannibalism,

PDF

___

Bachok, Z., Mansor, M.İ. & Noordin, R.M. ( 2004). Diet composition and feeding habits of demersal and pelagic marine fishes from terengganu waters, east coast of peninsular Malaysia. World Fish Cent Quart, Malaysia, 27, 3-4, NAGA.
Bradova, N., Stergiou, K.I. & Karpouzi, V.S. (2002). Feeding habits and trophic levels of Mediterranean fish. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 11, 217-254.
Prodanov, K. (2003). Growth rate of whing (Merlangius merlangus euxinus) from the western part of Black Sea. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 4, 157-164
Bromley, P.J., Watson, T. & Hilop, J.R.G. (1997). Diel feeding patterns and the development of food webs in pelagic 0-group cod (Gadus morhua L), haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus L.), whiting (Merlangus merlangus L.), saithe (Pollachius virens L.) and Norway pout (Trisopterus esmarkii Nilson) in the Northern Nort Sea. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 54, 846-853.
Cortés, E. (1997). A critical review of methods of studying fish feeding based on analysis of stomach contents: application to elasmobranch fishes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 543, 726-738
Fox, L.R. (1975). Cannibalism in natural populations. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 6, 87- 106.
Hislop, J.R.G., Robb, A.P., Bell, M.A. & Armstrong, D.W. (1991). The diet and food consumption of whiting (Merlangius merlangus) in the North Sea. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 48(2), 139–156.
Hyslop, E.J. (1980). Stomach contents analysis - a review of methods and their application. Journal of Fish Biology, 17, 411-429.
Larger, K.F., Miller, R.R., Passino & D.R.M. (1988). Food and feeding habit of Barbus belayewii (Menon) from a Pullet River. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, 23(4), 311-320.
Lopez-Peralta, R.H. & Arcila, C.A.T. (2002). Diet composition of fish species from southern continental shelf of Columbia. World Fish Cent Quart, 25, 23-29, NAGA.
Mazlum, R.E. & Bilgin, S. (2014). Age, growth, reproduction and diet of the whiting, Merlangius merlangus euxinus (Nordmann, 1840), in the southeastern Black Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 55, 463-474.
McDermott, S. & Fives, J.M. (1995). The diet of an assemblage of small demersal fish in the western Irish sea. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of The Royal Irısh Academy, 95(3), 195-201.
Milić, D. & Kraljević, M. (2011). Biometry analysis of the whiting, Merlangius merlangus (Linneaus, 1758) from the northern Adriatic Sea. Acta Adriatica, 52(1), 125-136.
Morte, S., Redón, M.J. & Sanz-Brau, A. (2001). Diet of Scorpaena porcus and Scorpaena notata (Pisces: Scorpaenidae) in the Western Mediterranean. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 42, 333-344.
Özdemir, N. (1983). Keban Baraj Gölü’nde yaşayan Barbus rajanarum mystceus (Heckel, 1843)’un bazı vücut organları arasındaki ilişkiler ve et verimi. Et ve Balık Endüstrisi Dergisi, Özel Sayı, 6.
Ross, S.D., Nielsen, J.R., Gislason, H., Nielsen, A. & Andersen, N.G. (2018). Growth and food consumption of whiting Merlangius merlangus. Journal of Fish Biology, 93, 334-343.
Samsun, S., Erdem, Y. & Kalaycı, F. (2011). Feeding fegime of whiting (Gadus merlangus euxinus Nordmann, 1840) in Turkish middle Black Sea coast. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 11, 515-522.
Schoener, T.W. (1970). Non-synchronous spatial overlap of lizards in patchy habitats. Ecology, 51, 1228-1250.
Seyhan, K. (1994). Gastric emptying, food consumption and ecological impact of whiting, Merlangius merlangus (L.) in the Eastern Irish sea marine ecosystem. University College of North Wales, School of Ocean Sciences, Marine Science Laboratories, Menai Bridge, Anglesey N. Wales, United Kingdom, Doktora Tezi.
Staniland, I.J. (1995). The feeding ecology and behaviour of whiting (Merlangius merlangus L.). Dpartment of Zoology, University of Leicester, Ph.D.Thesis.
Stergiou, K.I. & Karpouzi, V.S. (2002). Feeding habits and trophic levels of Mediterranean fish. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 11, 217-254.
TOB (2020). Tarim ve Orman Bakanlığı Su Ürünleri İstatistikleri. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/BSGM/Belgeler/Icerikler/Su%20%C3%9Cr%C3%BCnleri%20Veri%20ve%20D%C3%B6k%C3%BCmanlar%C4%B1/Su-%C3%9Cr%C3%BCnleri-%C4%B0statistikleri.pdf
Wallace, Jr.R.K. (1981). An Assessment of diet overlap indexes. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 110(1), 72-76.
Zar, J.H. (1999). Biostatistical analysis. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., USA