Hemodiyaliz Uygulanan Hastalarda Kemoterapi

Kronik böbrek yetmezliği olan hastalarda malignite tedavisi 1970’li yılların ortalarından itibaren tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Maligniteli hastalarda, %50-60 gibi yüksek oranlarda kronik böbrek hastalığının herhangi bir evresine rastlanılmaktadır. Günümüzde son dönem böbrek yetmezliği SDBY sıklığı tüm dünyada giderek artmakta ve bunların büyük çoğunluğu da hemodiyaliz tedavisi görmektedir. Bu hastalarda, eşlik eden malignite varlığında sitotoksik tedavilerin dozu ve diyaliz tedavi seansları dikkate alınarak doğru zamanlama ile uygulanması, tedavinin etkinliği veya yan etkileri açısından çok önemlidir.Bu yazıda hemodiyaliz tedavisi gören son dönem böbrek yetmezlikli hastalarda, eşlik eden solid tümörlerin tedavisinde kullanılan kemoterapi ilaçlarının tolerans ve doz ayarlanması güncel literatür eşliğinde gözden geçirildi

Chemotherapy In Hemodialysis Patients

Treatment of malignancy in patients with chronic renal failure has been an issue of debate since mid 1970’s. Any stage of chronic renal disease is seen in patients with malignancy with a high frequency such as 50-60%. Nowadays, incidence of end-stage renal failure is increasing worldwide and the majority of these patients undergo hemodialysis. Doses of the cytotoxic treatment and application of the drugs with appropriate timing according to the hemodialysis periods is important in these patients because of the side effects and efficacy of the treatment; when there is a coexisting malignancy. In this paper, tolerance and dose arrangement of the chemotheraupetics used in treatment of solid tumors in patient with end stage renal failure who undergo hemodialysis have been reviewed with current litearure

___

Lin HF, Li YH, Wang CH, Chou CL, Kuo DJ, Fang TC. Increased risk of cancer in chronic dialysis patients: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012;27:1585-90.

Cengiz K. Increased incidence of neoplasia in chronic renal failure (20-year experience). Int Urol Nephrol 2002;33:121-6.

Vajdic CM, McDonald SP, McCredie MR, van Leeuwen MT, Stewart JH, et al. Cancer incidence before and after kidney transplantation. JAMA 2006;296:2823-31.

Rowland M, Tozer T. editors. Dialysis in Clinical Pharmacokinetics. Concepts and Applications. 3rd edition. Philaldelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1995.p.245-8

Reetze-Bonorden P, Bohler J, Keller E. Drug dosage in patients during continuous renal replacement therapy. Pharmacokinetic and therapeutic considerations. Clin Pharmacokinet 1993;24:362-79.

Launay-Vacher V, Izzedine H, Baumelou A, Deray G. FHD: an index to evaluate drug elimination by hemodialysis. Am J Nephrol 2005;25:342-51.

Launay-Vacher V, Oudard S, Janus N, Gligorov J, Pourrat X, Rixe O, et al. Prevalence of renal insufficiency in cancer patients and implications for anticancer drug management: the renal insufficiency and anticancer medications (IRMA) study. Cancer 2007;110:1376-84.

Lichtman SM, Wildiers H, Launay-Vacher V, Steer C, Chatelut E, Aapro M. International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) recommendations for the adjustment of dosing in elderly cancer patients with renal insufficiency. Eur J Cancer 2007;43:14-34.

Launay-Vacher V, Karie S, Deray G. GPR Anticancéreux. 4th edition. Paris, France: MEDITIONS International; 2009.

Iyer L, Ratain MJ. 5-fluorouracil pharmacokinetics: causes for variability and strategies for modulation in cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Invest 1999;17:543-4.

Akiyama S, Nakayama H, Takami H, Gotoh H, Gotoh Y. Pharmacodynamic study of the Saltz regimen for metastatic colorectal cancer in a hemodialyzed patient. Chemotherapy 2007;53:418-21.

Ohnishi T, Kanoh T, Shiozaki K, Kimura Y, Iwazawa T, Tono T, et al. [FOLFOX 4 in a patient with metastatic colorectal cancer on hemodialysis due to chronic renal failure]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2007;34:1299-302.

Dhillon S, Scott LJ. Capecitabine: in advanced gastric or oesophagogastric cancer. Drugs 2007;67:601-10.

Poole C, Gardiner J, Twelves C, Johnston P, Harper P, Cassidy J, et al. Effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of capecitabine (Xeloda) in cancer patients. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2002;49:225-34.

Hiraike M, Hiraki Y, Misumi N, Hanada K, Tsuji Y, Kamimura H, et al. Pharmacokinetics of carboplatin in a hemodialysis patient with small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2012;69:845-8.

Li YF, Fu S, Hu W, Liu JH, Finkel KW, Gershenson DM, et al. Systemic anticancer therapy in gynecological cancer patients with renal dysfunction. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007;17:739-63.

Chatelut E, Rostaing L, Gualano V, Vissac T, De Forni M, Ton-That H, et al. Pharmacokinetics of carboplatin in a patient suffering from advanced ovarian carcinoma with hemodialysis-dependent renal insufficiency. Nephron 1994;66:157-61.

Tanabe N, Goto M, Morita H, Gotu T, Inagaki J, Yamanaki N, et al. Pharmacokinetics of cis-diammine-dichlor-platin in a hemodialysis patient. Cancer Invest 1991;9:629-35.

Watanabe R, Takiguchi Y, Moriya T, Oda S, Kurosu K, Tanabe N, et al. Feasibility of combination chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide for haemodialysis patients with lung cancer. Br J Cancer 2003;88:25-30.

de Jonge ME, Huitema AD, Rodenhuis S, Beijnen JH. Clinical pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide. Clin Pharmacokinet 2005;44:1135-64.

Haubitz M, Bohnenstengel F, Brunkhorst R, Schwab M, Hofmann U, Busse D. Cyclophosphamide pharmacokinetics and dose requirements in patients with renal insufficiency. Kidney Int 2002;61:1495-501.

Mencoboni M, Olivieri R, Vannozzi MO, Schettini G, Viazzi F, Ghio R. Docetaxel pharmacokinetics with pre- and post-dialysis administration in a hemodyalized patient. Chemotherapy 2006;52:147-50.

Hochegger K, Lhotta K, Mayer G, Czejka M, Hilbe W. Pharmacokinetic analysis of docetaxel during haemodialysis in a patient with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007;22:289-90.

Gabizon A, Catane R, Uziely B, Kaufman B, Safra T, Cohen R, et al. Prolonged circulation time and enhanced accumulation in malignant exudates of doxorubicin encapsulated in polyethylene- glycol coated liposomes. Cancer Res 1994;54:987-92.

Yoshida H, Goto M, Honda A, Nabeshima T, Kumazawa T, Inagaki J,, et al. Pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin and its active metabolite in patients with normal renal function and in patients on hemodialysis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1994;33:450-4.

Weenen H, Lankelma J, Penders PG, McVie JG, ten Bokkel Huinink WW, de Planque MM,, et al. Pharmacokinetics of 4-epi-doxorubicin in man. Invest New Drugs 1983;1:59-64.

Holthuis JJ, Van de Vyver FL, van Oort WJ, Verleun H, Bakaert AB, De Broe ME. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of increasing dosages of etoposide in a chronic hemodialysis patient. Cancer Treat Rep 1985;69:1279-82.

Inoue A, Saijo Y, Kikuchi T, Gomi K, Suzuki T, Maemondo M, et al. Pharmacokinetic analysis of combination chemotherapy with carboplatin and etoposide in small-cell lung cancer patients undergoing hemodialysis. Ann Oncol 2004;15:51-4.

D’Incalci M, Rossi C, Zucchetti M, Urso R, Cavalli F, Mangioni C, et al. Pharmacokinetics of etoposide in patients with abnormal renal and hepatic function. Cancer Res 1986;46:2566-71.

Suzuki S, Koide M, Sakamoto S, Matsuo T. Pharmacokinetics of carboplatin and etoposide in a haemodialysis patient with Merkel- cell carcinoma. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1997;12:137-40.

Masumori N, Kunishima Y, Hirobe M, Takeuchi M, Takayanagi A, Tsukamoto T, et al. Measurement of plasma concentration of gemcitabine and its metabolite dFdU in hemodialysis patients with advanced urothelial cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2008;38:182-5.

Kiani A, Köhne CH, Franz T, Passauer J, Haufe T, Gross P, et al. Pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine in a patient with end-stage renal disease: effective clearance of its main metabolite by standard hemodialysis treatment. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2003;51:266-70.

Ide H, Satou A, Hoshino K, Yasumizu Y, Uchida Y, Tasaka Y, et al. Successful management of metastatic urothelial carcinoma with gemcitabine and Paclitaxel chemotherapy in a hemodialysis patient. Urol Int 2011;87:245-7.

Stemmler J, Weise A, Hacker U, Heinemann V, Schalhorn A. Weekly irinotecan in a patient with metastatic colorectal cancer on hemodialysis due to chronic renal failure. Onkologie 2002;25:60-3.

Fujita K, Sunakawa Y, Miwa K, Akiyama Y, Sugiyama M, Kawara K, et al. Delayed elimination of SN-38 in cancer patients with severe renal failure. Drug Metab Dispos 2011;39:161-4.

Gauthier E, Gimonet JF, Piedbois P, Rostoker G, Buisson C, Ben Maadi A, et al. (Effectiveness of hemodialysis in a case of acute methotrexate poisoning]. Presse Med 1990;19:2023-5.

Ohnishi T, Kanoh T, Shiozaki K, Kimura Y, Iwazawa T, Tono T, et al. [FOLFOX 4 in a patient with metastatic colorectal cancer on hemodialysis due to chronic renal failure]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2007;34:1299-302.

N. Janus, J. Thariat, H. Boulanger, G. Deray, V. Launay-Vacher. Proposal for dosage adjustment and timing of chemotherapy in hemodialyzed patients. Annals of Oncology 2010;21:1395-403.

Baur M, Fazeny-Doerner B, Olsen SJ, Dittrich C. High dose single- agent paclitaxel in a hemodialysis patient with advanced ovarian cancer: a case report with pharmacokinetic analysis and review of the literature. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2008;18:564-70.

Mori M, Takeda E, Sakai K, Nishida Y, Tamura K, Akedo I, et al. [A case of non-small cell lung carcinoma successfully treated with carboplatin and weekly paclitaxel under renal dysfunction]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2004;31:2061-4.

Sahni V, Choudhury D, Ahmed Z. Chemotherapy-associated renal dysfunction. Nat Rev Nephrol 2009;5:450-62.