Mehmet Akif Irmak, Emral Mutlu, Hasan Yılmaz, Sevgi Yılmaz

Soğuk İklim Bölgelerinde Bitki Topluluklarının Sıcaklık Etkileri: Erzurum Ata Botanik Bahçesi

Günümüzde yapılmış olan birçok termal konfor çalışmasına bakıldığında; sıcak iklimlerde bitkilerin tek başlarına ya da topluluklar halinde serinletme etkileri araştırılmaktadır. Kış ayları için yapılan çalışmalarda ise bitkilerin ısıtma etkisi daha çok önem arz etmektedir. Bitkilerin ısıtma etkisi kentlerde iklimi iyileştirirken aynı zamanda kentin ısınmasında da enerji tasarrufu sağlamaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalar bitkilerin aksine sert zeminlerin kışın serinletme etkisinin fazla, yazın ise daha sıcak olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, ekstrem kış kenti koşulları bulunan Erzurum’da Ata Botanik Bahçesindeki bitkilerin ve sert zeminin termal konfora etkisi araştırılmıştır. Yüzey sıcaklıkları 2017 kış ayları boyunca havanın açık olduğu farklı günlerde, saat 09:00, 13:00 ve 16:00 da hassas termal kamera ile görüntüler alınmıştır. Aynı zamanda, Sky-View Factor (SVF) ölçümleri ile sıcaklık ve nem değerleri de analiz edilmiştir. Kış aylarında Sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.) ile Huş (Betula alba L.) toplulukları ve alandaki otoparktan alınan ölçümlerde en iyi termal konforu, ortalama 1.8 °C daha sıcak çıkan Sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.) toplulukları sağlamıştır. Karla kaplı otoparkların yaydığı yüzey sıcaklığının diğerlerine göre ortalama 3.2 °C daha serin çıktığı belirlenmiştir. Yapılan çalışma göstermiştir ki; sert geçen kış kentlerinde termal konforu sağlamak amacıyla ibreli ağaç korulukları oluşturulmalı ve geniş sert zeminler oluşturmaktan kaçınılmalıdır. Ayrıca doğal bitkilerin kentsel mekanda kullanılması termal konforlu, enerji tasarruflu ve ekolojik planlamalar için gereklidir.

Heating Effects of Plant Communities in Cold Climate Regions: Erzurum Ata Botanic Garden

The heating effect of the plants is important for regulating thermal comfort in winter. The heating effect of the plants improves the climate in the cities and at the same time saves energy in the warming of the city. Studies indicate that hard floors in contrast to plants have more cooling effect in winter and warmer in summer. Plants also clean the intense polluted air in cities during winter months. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of thermal comfort of plants and hard floors in the Ata Botanical Garden in Erzurum. Substrate temperatures were taken at different times during the 2017 winter months at 09.00, 13.00 and 16.00 with a thermal camera. In addition, temperature and humidity values were measured with the Sky-View Factor (SVF) measurements at the same time. The results indicated that Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) ensured the best thermal comfort with an average 1.8 °C warmer surface as compared to the others; Birch (Betula alba L.) communities and the parking lot in the area. The average surface temperature of snow-covered parking lots was about 3.2 °C cooler than the others. The results of this study clearly indicated that the climate can be positively affected creating coniferous trees woodland with the aim of providing thermal comfort in the hard winter cities and the use of natural plants on urban space is necessary for thermal comfort ecological planning.

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