___

• Lynch SE GR, Marx RE, Samchukov ML, Cherkashin AM, Cope JB. Distraction osteogenesis: history and biologic basis of new bone formation. Tissue engineering: applications in maxillofa- cial surgery and periodontics. Quintessence Carol Stream. 1998;65-9
• Codivilla A. On the means of lengthening, in the lower limbs, the muscles and tissues which are shortened through deform- ity. 1904. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1994:4-9
• Abbott LC, Saunders JB. The Operative Lengthening of the Tibia and Fibula: A Preliminary Report on the Further Devel- opment of the Principles and Technic. Ann Surg 1939;110:961-991
• Ilizarov GA. The principles of the Ilizarov method. Bull Hosp Jt Dis Orthop Inst 1988;48:1-11
• Ilizarov GA. The tension-stress effect on the genesis and growth of tissues: Part II. The influence of the rate and fre- quency of distraction. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1989:263-285
• Ilizarov GA. The tension-stress effect on the genesis and growth of tissues. Part I. The influence of stability of fixation and soft-tissue preservation. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1989:249- 281
• Cope JB, Samchukov ML, Cherkashin AM. Mandibular distrac- tion osteogenesis: a historic perspective and future directions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999;115:448-460
• Honig JF, Grohmann UA, Merten HA. Facial bone distraction osteogenesis for correction of malocclusion: a more than 70- year-old concept in craniofacial surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 2002;109:41-44
• Snyder CC, Levine GA, Swanson HM, ve ark. Mandibular lengthening by gradual distraction. Preliminary report. Plast Reconstr Surg 1973;51:506-508
• Michieli S, Miotti B. Lengthening of mandibular body by gradual surgical-orthodontic distraction. J Oral Surg 1977;35:187-192
• Karp NS, Thorne CH, McCarthy JG, ve ark. Bone lengthening in the craniofacial skeleton. Ann Plast Surg 1990;24:231-237
• McCarthy JG, Schreiber J, Karp N, ve ark. Lengthening the human mandible by gradual distraction. Plast Reconstr Surg 1992;89:1-8
• Swennen G, Schliephake H, Dempf R, ve ark. Craniofacial distraction osteogenesis: a review of the literature: Part 1: clin- ical studies. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001;30:89-103
• Martin R, Burr D.Structure, Function and Adaptation of Com- pact Bone Mechanical adaptation. New York: Raven Press. 1989
• Aronson J.Distraction of the Craniofacial Skeleton Principles of distraction osteogenesis: The orthopedic experience. Spring- er- Verlag. 1999
• Cope JB Samchukov ML, Cherkashin AM.Craniofacial Distrac- tion Osteogenesis. Historical Development and Evoluation of Craniofacial Distraksiyon Osteogenesis. Missouri: Mosby Inc. 2001;3-18
• Tavakoli K, Stewart KJ, Poole MD. Distraction osteogenesis in craniofacial surgery: a review. Ann Plast Surg 1998;40:88-99
• al Ruhaimi KA. Comparison of different distraction rates in the mandible: an experimental investigation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001;30:220-227
• Yazdurdıyev B. Distraksiyon Osteogenezisinde Yumuşak Doku Değişiklikleri. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2006
• McCarthy JG. Distraction of the craniofacial skeleton Distrac- tion of the mandible: the NYU experience. New York: Springer. 1999;80-100
• Nocini PF.Craniofacial distraction osteogenesis Histologic evaluation of human bone tissue l year after distraction. St Louis: Mosby. 2001;68
• Molina F, Ortiz Monasterio F. Mandibular elongation and remodeling by distraction: a farewell to major osteotomies. Plast Reconstr Surg 1995;96:825-840
• Polley JW, Figueroa AA. Management of severe maxillary deficiency in childhood and adolescence through distraction osteogenesis with an external, adjustable, rigid distraction device. J Craniofac Surg 1997;8:181-185
• Huang CS, Ko WC, Lin WY, ve ark. Mandibular lengthening by distraction osteogenesis in children--a one-year follow-up study. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 1999;36:269-274
• Bell WH, Epker BN. Surgical-orthodontic expansion of the maxilla. Am J Orthod 1976;70:517-528
• Betts NJ Zicardi VB.Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Surgically assisted maxillary expansion. In Philadelphia, WB Saunders. 2000
• Guerrero CA, Bell WH, Contasti GI, ve ark. Mandibular widen- ing by intraoral distraction osteogenesis. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1997;35:383-392
• Samchukov ML, Cope JB, Cherkashın AM. Craniofacial Distrac- tion Osteogenesis. St Louis. 2001
• Carls FR, Sailer HF. Seven years clinical experience with man- dibular distraction in children. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 1998;26:197-208
• Judge B, Hamlar D, Rimell FL. Mandibular distraction osteo- genesis in a neonate. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999;125:1029-1032
• Keçeli HG, Muhtaroğulları M, Demiralp B. Distraksiyon Osteo- genez: Yeni Kemik Formasyonu, Tarihçe ve Biyolojik Pren- sipler: Bölüm 1 Hacettepe Dişhekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2006;30:31-41
• Mofid MM, Manson PN, Robertson BC, ve ark. Craniofacial distraction osteogenesis: a review of 3278 cases. Plast Recon- str Surg 2001;108:1103-1114
• Master DL, Hanson PR, Gosain AK. Complications of mandibu- lar distraction osteogenesis. J Craniofac Surg 2010;21:1565- 1570
• Chercashin AM Samchukov ML.Craniofacial Distraction Oste- ogenesis Potential Mistakes and Complications During Dis- traction Osteogenesis. Missouri: Mosby Inc, 2001;583-594
• Wall EJ, Massie JB, Kwan MK, ve ark. Experimental stretch neuropathy. Changes in nerve conduction under tension. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1992;74:126-129
• Çakmak M KM.İlizarov cerrahisi ve prensipleri İlizarov Yönt- eminin Biyolojik Temelleri. İstanbul Tıp Kit. 1999
• Arun T, Kayhan F, Kiziltan M. Treatment of condylar hypo- plasia with distraction osteogenesis: a case report. Angle Or- thod 2002;72:371-376
• Kruse-Losler B, Meyer U, Floren C, ve ark. Influence of distrac- tion rates on the temporomandibular joint position and carti- lage morphology in a rabbit model of mandibular lengthen- ing. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001;59:1452-1459
• Grayson BH, McCormick S, Santiago PE, ve ark. Vector of device placement and trajectory of mandibular distraction. J Craniofac Surg 1997;8:473-480
• Klein CH. Correction of mandibular hypoplasia by means of bidirectional callus distraction. J Craniofac Surg 1996;7:258- 266
• McCarthy JG, Staffenberg DA, Wood RJ, ve ark. Introduction of an intraoral bone-lengthening device. Plast Reconstr Surg 1995;96:978-981
• McCarthy JG, Williams JK, Grayson BH, ve ark. Controlled multiplanar distraction of the mandible: device development and clinical application. J Craniofac Surg 1998;9:322-329
• Diner PA, Kollar E, Martinez H, ve ark. Submerged intraoral device for mandibular lengthening. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 1997;25:116-123
• Breugem C, Paes E, Kon M, ve ark. Bioresorbable distraction device for the treatment of airway problems for infants with Robin sequence. Clin Oral Investig 2011
• Park JT, Lee JG, Kim SY, ve ark. A piezoelectric motor-based microactuator-generated distractor for continuous jaw bone distraction. J Craniofac Surg 2011;22:1486-1488