Elif GÜNAL, Nurullah ACİR

202207

Toprak Temelli Ekosistem Servisleri

Topraklar, sahip oldukları genetik özellikleri ve bulundukları ortamın iklim ve bitki örtüsü gibi oluşum faktörlerine bağlı olarak gıda üretimi, hammadde kaynağı, insan faaliyetlerinin yeri, tarihi arşiv, biyolojik çeşitlilik, organik karbon havuzu, su ve besin döngüsünün düzenlenmesi gibi fonksiyonları yerine getirirler. Toprak fonksiyonları, insan refahı ve ekosistem hizmetlerinin sürdürülebilirliğine önemli düzeyde etki etmektedir. Bu kapsamda, toprak karbonu, toprak canlıları, toprak besin döngüsü ve su tutulması ile ekosistem hizmetleri arasındaki ilişkiler birçok araştırmacı tarafından çalışılmış ve konunun önemi ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırmacılar, toprak fonksiyonlarının destekleyici, düzenleyici, provizyon tedarik ve kültürel olarak sınıflandırılan ekosistem hizmetlerine önemli düzeyde katkı yaptığını bildirmişlerdir. Toprak kökenli ekosistem hizmetlerinin gerçekleşmesi ve iyileştirilmesi ile gıda güvenliği ve sürdürülebilirlik arasında bir denge sağlayabilmek için arazi kullanımındaki uygulamaların sürdürülebilirlikleri son derece önemlidir. Uzun vadede toprak fonksiyonlarının gerçekleşmesi için önemli olan ve toprak özelliklerinin değişmesine neden olacak uygulamalar, ekosistem hizmetlerini azaltacaktır
Anahtar Kelimeler:

destekleme, düzenleme, provizyon, kültürel, toprak fonksiyonu, karbon

Soil Based Ecosystem Services

Soils, depending on the genetic characteristics and formation factors such as climate and vegetation, fulfill several functions such as food production, source of raw material, place for human activities, historical archive, biodiversity, organic carbon pool and regulation of water and nutrient cycle. The soil functions have a significant influence on sustainability of human welfare and ecosystem services. In this context, the relationship between soil carbon, soil biota, soil nutrient cycle and water retention and ecosystem services has been studied and demonstrated by many researchers. Previous studies revealed that soil functions contribute significantly to the ecosystem services classified as supporting, regulating, provisioning and cultural.Sustainability of land use practices is extremely important to reach an equilibrium between the realization and improvement of soil-based ecosystem services and food safety and sustainability. Land use practices that will change the soil properties which are important for the realization of the soil functions in the long term may also cause decrease in the ecosystem services
Keywords:

supporting, regulating, provisioning, cultural, soil functions, carbon,

PDF

___

  • Adhikari, K., & Hartemink, A. E. 2016. Linking soils to ecosystem services-A global review. Geoderma, 262, 101-111.
  • Andrea, F., Bini, C., & Amaducci, S. 2018. Soil and ecosystem services: Current knowledge and evidences from Italian case studies. Applied Soil Ecology, 123, 693-698.
  • Baker, J. M., Ochsner, T. E., Venterea, R. T., Griffis, T. J. 2007, Tillage and soil carbon sequestration -What do we really know?, Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 118, 1-5.
  • Blum,W. H. 2005. Functions of soil for society and the environment. Rev. Environ. Sci. Bio/ Technol. 4 (3), 75–79.
  • Calzolari, C., Ungaro, F., Filippi, N., Guermandi, M., Malucelli, F., Marchi, N., Staffilani, F., Tarocco, P. 2016. A methodological framework to assess the multiple contributions of soils to ecosystem services delivery at regional scale. Geoderma, 261, 190-203. CICES, 2011. Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES). Update European Environment Agency, Nottingham.
  • CEC 2006 Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of Regions— Thematic strategy for soil protection (COM 2006.231), Brussels.
  • Dominati, E., M. Patterson, and M. Mackay. 2010. A framework for classifying and quantifying the natural capital and ecosystem services of soils. Ecological Economics 69:1858-1868.
  • Eigenbrod, F., Armsworth1, P.R., Anderson, B.J., Heinemeyer, A., Gillings, S., Roy, D.B., Thomas, C.D. & Gaston, K.J. 2010. The impact of proxy-based methods on mapping the distribution of ecosystem services. Journal of Applied Ecology, 47, 377–385.
  • FAO, 2015. Revised World Soil Charter. FAO, Rome.
  • Godfray, H.C.J., Beddington, J.R., Crute, I.R., Haddad, L., Lawrence, D., Muir, J.F., Pretty, J., Robinson, S., Thomas, S.M., Toulmin, C., 2010. Food security: the challenge of feeding 9 billion people. Science 327 (5967), 812–818.
  • Günal, H., Korucu, T., Birkas, M., Özgöz, E. Halbac-Cotoara-Zamfir, R., 2015. Threats to sustainability of soil functions in Central and Southeast Europe. Sustainability, 7(2), 2161-2188.
  • Hatfield, J. L., & Morton, L. W. 2013. Marginality principle. Principles of Sustainable Soil Management in Agroecosystems. Advances in Soil Science, Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, New York, 19-55.
  • Hewitt, A., Dominati, E., Webb, T., Cuthill, T., 2015. Soil natural capital quantification by the stock adequacy method. Geoderma 241–242, 107–114.
  • Keller, A.P. 2016. Keller, A. P. 2016. Soils and their contribution to ecosystem services. Factsheet. National Research Programme NRP 68. www.nrp68.ch. Son görüntülenme tarihi. 22.11.2019.
  • Kibblewhite, M. G., Ritz, K., & Swift, M. J. (2007). Soil health in agricultural systems. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 363(1492), 685- 701.
  • Lal, R., 2004. Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security. Science 304 (5677), 1623–1627.
  • Lal, R. 2018. Digging deeper: A holistic perspective of factors affecting soil organic carbon sequestration in agroecosystems. Global change biology, 24(8), 3285-3301.
  • MEA, 2005. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: Current State and Trends Assessment. Island Press, Washington, DC.
  • Metzger, M., Rounsevell, M. D. A., Acosta-Michlik, L., Leemans, R., & Schröter, D. (2006).
  • The vulnerability of ecosystem services to land use change. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 114(1), 69-85.
  • Pereira, P., Bogunovic, I., Muñoz-Rojas, M., & Brevik, E. C. 2018. Soil ecosystem services, sustainability, valuation and management. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health, 5, 7-13.
  • Olson, K. R., Al-Kaisi, M., Lal, R., & Morton, L. W. 2017. Soil ecosystem services and intensified cropping systems. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 72(3), 64A-69A.
  • Palm, C., Blanco-Canqui, H., DeClerck, F., Gatere, L., & Grace, P. 2014. Conservation agriculture and ecosystem services: An overview. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 187, 87-105.
  • Polasky, S., Nelson, E., Pennington, D., & Johnson, K. A. 2011. The impact of land-use change on ecosystem services, biodiversity and returns to landowners: a case study in the state of Minnesota. Environmental and Resource Economics, 48(2), 219-242.
  • Robinson, D. A., Hockley, N., Cooper, D. M., Emmett, B. A., Keith, A. M., Lebron, I., ... & Whalley, W. R. 2013. Natural capital and ecosystem services, developing an appropriate soils framework as a basis for valuation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 57, 1023-1033.
  • Sun, J., Twine, T., Hill, J., Noe, R., Shi, J., & Li, M. 2017. Effects of land use change for crops on water and carbon budgets in the Midwest USA. Sustainability, 9(2), 225.
  • TEEB, 2010. The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity: Ecological and Economic Foundations. UNEP/Earthprint.
21. Yüzyılda Fen ve Teknik-Cover
  • ISSN: 2587-0327
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 2014
  • Yayıncı: Türk Eğitim-Sen
Arşiv
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Toprak Temelli Ekosistem Servisleri

Elif GÜNAL, Nurullah ACİR

İklim Değişikliğinin Tarım Üzerine Olası Etkileri

Levent KILIÇ

Yerel Nohut Genotiplerinin Bazı Kalite Parametrelerinin Ortaya Konulması

Ahmet ŞAMCI, Ömer SÖZEN