Problem Davranışların Azaltılmasında İşlevsel İletişim Öğretiminin Etkililiği: Betimsel ve Meta-Analiz Çalışması

Problem davranışlarının iletişim kurma işlevine hizmet ettiği giderek daha fazla kabul görmekte ve bireylere, sergiledikleri problem davranışla aynı işleve hizmet edecek iletişim becerilerinin öğretilmesi yoluyla problem davranışların azaltılabileceği belirtilmektedir. İşlevsel iletişim öğretimi bu amaçla kullanılan bir tekniktir. Bu çalışmasında işlevsel iletişim öğretimi kullanılarak problem davranışların azaltılması amacıyla yürütülen 27 adet tek denekli araştırma desenli makale incelenmiştir. Araştırmalar öncelikle betimsel olarak özetlenmiş ardından etki büyüklüğü hesaplaması yoluyla meta-analiz kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular alanyazında yer alan diğer bilgiler ışığında yorumlanmış ve ileri araştırmalara yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Problem Davranışların Azaltılmasında İşlevsel İletişim Öğretiminin Etkililiği: Betimsel ve Meta-Analiz Çalışması

___

  • Brady, N. C.,& Halle, J. W. (1997). Functional analysis of communicative behaviors. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 12(2),95-104.
  • *Braithwaite, K. L., & Richdale, A. L. (2000). Functional communication training to replace challenging behaviors across two behavioral outcomes. Behavioral Intervention, 15, 21-36.
  • *Brown, K. A., Wacker, D. P., Derby, K. M., Peck, S. M., Richman, D. M., Sasso, G. M., Knutson, C. L., & Harding, J. W. (2000). Evaluating the effects of functional communication training in the presence and absence of establishing operations. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 33(1), 53-71.
  • Carr, E. G., & Durand, V. M. (1985). Reducing behavior problems through functional communication training. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 18, 111-126.
  • *Davis, T. N., O’Reilly, M. F., Kang, S., Rispoli, M., Lang, R. B., Machalicek, W., Chan, J. M., Lancioni, G.,& Sigafoos, J. (2009). Impact of presession access to toys maintaining challenging behavior on functional communication training: A single case study. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 21, 515-521.
  • *Derby, K. M., Wacker, D. P., Berg, W., DeRaad, A., Ulrich, S., Asmus, J., Harding, J., Prouty, A., Laffey, P., & Stoner, E. A. (1997). The long-term effects of functional communication training in home settings. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 30, 507-531.
  • *Dunlap, G., Ester, T., Langhans, S., & Fox, L. (2006). Functional communicaton training with toddlers in home environments. Journal of Early Intervention, 28(2), 81-96.
  • *Durand, V. M., & Carr, E. G. (1991). Functional communication training to reduce challenging behavior: Maintenance and application in new settings. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 24, 251-264.
  • *Durand, V. M., & Carr, E. G. (1992). An analysis of maintenance following functional communication training. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 25, 777-794.
  • *Durand, V. M. (1999). Functional communication training using assistive devices: Recruiting natural communities of reinforcement. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 32, 247-267.
  • Erbaş, D. (2003). Alternatif davranış öğretimi. G. Kırcaali-İftar (Ed.), Davranış ve Öğrenme So- runu Olan Çocukların Eğitimi (ss.41-52). Eski- şehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Erbaş, D. (2002). Gelişimsel geriliği olan çocukların problem davranışlarının azaltılmasında işlevsel iletişim öğretiminin sönme ve sönme olmaksızın etkilerinin karşılaştırılması. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları, Yayın no: 1342.
  • Erbaş, D., Kırcaali-İftar, G., & Tekin-İftar, E. (2005). İşlevsel Değerlendirme. Ankara: Kök Yayıncılık.
  • Eripek, S. (2003). Okulöncesi eğitim ortamlarında davranış ve öğrenme sorunları. G. Kırcaali- İftar (Ed.), Davranış ve Öğrenme Sorunu Olan Çocukların Eğitimi (ss.1-8). Eskişehir: Anado- lu Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Eripek, S. (2005). Zeka Geriliği. Ankara: Kök Yayıncılık.
  • Fisher, W. W., Adelinis, J. D., Volkert, V. M., Keeney, K. M., Neidert, P. L.,& Hovanetz, A. (2004). Assessing preferences for positive and negative reinforcement during treatment of destructive behavior with functional communication training. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 26, 153-168.
  • *Fisher, W. W., Thompson, R. H., Hagopian, L. P., Bowman, L. G., & Krug, A. (2000). Facilitating tolerance of delayed reinforcement during functional communication training. Behavior Modification, 24(1), 3-29.
  • *Hagopian, L. P., Contrucci Kuhn, S. A., Long, E. S., & Rush, K. S. (2005). Schedule thinning following communication training: Using competing stimuli to enhance tolerance to decrements in reinforcer density. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 38(2), 177-193.
  • *Hagopian, L. P., Wilson, D. M.,& Wilder, D. A. (2001). Assessment and treatment of problem behavior maintained by escape from attention and access to tangible items. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 34(2), 229-232.
  • *Hanley, G.P., Piazza, C. C., Fisher, W. W., Contrucci, S. A.,& Maglieri, K. A. (1997). Evaluation of client preference for function- based treatment packages. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 30(3), 459-473.
  • *Harding, J. W., Wacker, D. P., Berg, W. K., Winborn-Kemmerer, L., & Lee, J. F. (2009). Evaluation of choice allocation between positive and negative reinforcement during functional communication training with young children. Journal of Developmental Physical Disabilities, 21, 443-456.
  • *Harding, J. W., Wacker, D. P., Berg, W. K., Winborn-Kemmerer, L., Lee, J. F., & Ibrahimovic, M. (2009). Analysis of multiple manding topographies during functional communication training. Education and Treatment of Children, 32(1), 21-36.
  • Iwata, B. A., Dorsey, M. F., Slifer, K. J., Bauman, K. E.,& Richman, G. S. (1994). Toward a functional analysis of self-injury. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 27(2), 197-209.
  • Karasu, N. (2009). Özel eğitimde delile dayalı yöntemlerin belirlenmesi: Tek denekli çalışma analizleri ve karşılaştırılmalar. Türk Eğitim Bi- limleri Dergisi, 7, 143-163.
  • *Kelley, M., Lerman, D., & Van Camp, C. (2002). The effects of competing reinforcement schedules on the acquisition of functional communication. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 35, 59–63.
  • *Kuhn, D. E., Chirighin, A. E.,& Zelenka, K. (2010). Discriminated functional communication: A procedural extension of functional communication training. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 43(2), 249-264.
  • Kuhn, D. E., Hardesty, S. L.,& Sweeney, N. M. (2009). Assessment and treatment of excessive straightening and destructive behavior in an adolescent diagnosed with autism. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 42(2), 355-360
  • Kurtz, P.F., Chin, M. D., Huete, J. M., Tarbox, R. S. F., O’Connor, J. T., Paclawskyj, T. R.,& Rush, K. S. (2003). Functional analysis and treatment of self-injurious in young children: A summary of 30 cases. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 36(2), 205-219.
  • *Mancil, G. R., Conroy, M. A., Nakao, T., & Alter, P. J. (2006). Functional communication training in the natural environment: A pilot investigation with a young child with autism spectrum disorder. Education and Treatment of Children, 29(4), 615-633.
  • Martin, C. A., Drasgow, E., Halle, J. W.,& Brucker, J. M. (2005). Teaching a child with autism and severe language delays to reject: Direct and indirect effects of functional communication training. Educational Psychology, 25, 287-304.
  • *Mildon, R. L., Moore, D. W., & Dixon, R. S. (2004). Combining noncontingent escape and functional communication training as a treatment for negatively reinforced distruptive behavior. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 6(2), 92-102.
  • Mirenda, P. (1997). Supporting individuals with challenging behavior through functional communication training and AAC: Research review. AAC: Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 13, 207–225.
  • *O’Neil, R. E., & Sweetland-Baker, M. (2001). Brief report: An assessment of stimulus generalization and contingency effects in functional communication training with two students with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31(2), 235-240.
  • Özyürek, M. (2004). Sınıfta Davranış Değiştirme. Ankara: Kök Yayıncılık.
  • *Peck-Peterson, S. M., Caniglia, C., Jo Royster, A., Macfarlane, E., Plowman, K., Jo Baird, S., & Wu, N. (2005). Blending functional communication training and choice making to improve task engagement and decrease prob- lem behaviour. Educational Psychology, 25(2), 257-274.
  • *Richman, D. M., Wacker, D. P., & Winborn, L. (2001). Response efficiency during functional communication training: effects of effort on responce allocation. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 34, 73-76.
  • Scotti, J. R., Evans, I. M., Meyer, L. H., & Walker, P. (1991). A meta-analysis of intervention research with problem behavior: Treatment validity and standards of practice. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 96, 233-256.
  • *Tarbox, R. S. F., Wallace, M. D., & Williams, L. (2003). Assessment and treatment of elopement: A replication and extension. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 36(2), 239-244.
  • *Volkert, V. M., Lerman, D. C., Call, N. A.,& Trosclair-Lasserre, N. (2009). An evaluation of resurgence during treatment with functional communication training. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 42(1), 145-160.
  • *Wacker, D. P., Steege, M. W., Northup, J., Sasso, G., Berg, W., Reimers, T., Cooper, L., Cigrand, K., & Donn, L. (1990). A component analysis of functional communication training across three topographies of severe behavior problems. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 23, 417- 429.
  • *Winborn-Kemmerer, L., Ringdahl, J. E., Wacker, D. P.,& Kitsukawa, K. (2009). A demontstration of individual preference for novel mands during functional communication training. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 42(1), 185-189.
  • *Winborn, L., Wacker, D. P., Richman, D. M., Asmus, J., & Geier, D. (2002). Assessment of mand selection for functional communation training packages. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 35, 295-298.
  • *Woo Kang, S., Hendrickson, D. J., & Vu, C. P. (2000). Comparison of single and multiple functional communication training responses fort he treatment of problem behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 33, 321-324.
  • Worsdell, A. S., Iwata, B. A., Hanley, G. P., Thompson, R. H.,& Woo Kang, S. (2000). Effects of continuous and intermittent reinforcement for problem behavior during functional communication training. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 33(2), 167-179.