Büyük işletmeler devleti: kuruluş dönemi Ameriken ekonomik büyümesinde siyasi yapının rolü

ABD’nin 19. yüzyılın ilk yarısında yaşadığı büyüme, tarihi süreç, teori ve kurumların etkileşimi çerçevesinde ele alınabilecek çok boyutlu bir tecrübedir. ABD federal yapısının organları olan federal hükümet, eyalet hükümetleri ve yerel idareler arasındaki yetki ve güç çekişmesi söz konusu dönem içerisinde ekonomik büyümeyi olumlu etkilemiştir. Federal sistem, farklı çıkar gruplarının ekonomik önceliklerini uzlaştırarak tarım ve imalat sektörünün birlikte geliştiği bir ekonomik büyüme zemini oluşturmuştur. Başta Anayasa ve yargı olmak üzere siyasi kurumlar ve yerinden yönetim geleneği, farklı hükümet organları arasındaki iktidar mücadelesinde hep bir denge unsuru görevi görmüş, İç Savaş’a kadar ABD’nin ekonomi politiğinin nasıl belirleneceğine ilişkin oluşan gerilim alanı ekonomik büyümeye olumlu katkı sağlamıştır. Kuruluşundan İç Savaş’a kadar olan dönem içerisinde federal sistemin ekonomik büyümede öncü rolü üstlenmesi işletmelerin ABD’nin ekonomik yapısında temel belirleyici konuma gelmeleri sonucunu doğurmuştur.

State big businesses: the role of political system in economic growth of the united states of America

The growth of United States of America in the 19th century was a multidimensional experience that could be examined within the interaction of history, theory and institutions. The clash and conflict between different branches of federal system, federal, state and local governments, all contributed to the growth of economy at that era. Federal system, comprimising different interest groups, created a realm where both the sectors of agriculture and manufacturing found ways and means to flourish. In this regard, constitution, court system, political institutions and tradition of self-governance acted as a check and balance system that managed conflicts arose between different governing branches. Thus, the struggle over economy-politics of the country that lasted until the Civil War drove the growth of economy. The pioneering role of federal system in that time caused private firms to become leading actors of the economy.

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