Influence of Poultry Litter Biochar on Some Properties and Carbon Mineralization in Acidic Soil

Son yıllarda, çeşitli organik atıklardan biyokömür (BC) elde edilmesi ve tarım topraklarının özelliklerini iyileştirmek amacıyla kullanılması çok yaygın bir uygulama haline gelmiştir. Biyokömürün alkali toprakların iyileştirilmesinde kullanılması üzerine birçok araştırma bulunmasına rağmen, asidik topraklara olan etkisi ile ilgili çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Bu nedenle, kanatlı altlığı biyokömürünün (PLBC) asidik bir toprağın özelliklerine ve karbon (C) mineralizasyonuna etkilerini araştırmak için bir inkübasyon denemesi yürütülmüştür. Toprak örneklerine ağırlık esasına göre 0 (kontrol), %2 ve %5 oranlarında kanatlı altlığı biyokömürü (PLBC) ilave edilerek 27 °C'de 30 günlük sürelerle 120 gün süre inkübasyona bırakılmıştır. Toprak pH'sı PLBC uygulaması ile inkübasyon süresi sonunda 4.38'den 5.31'e yükselmiştir. Elektriksel iletkenlik (EC) değerlerinde de artış olmuştur. Kontrol ve PLBC uygulanan toprak örneklerinin her biri için inkübasyonun 30. gününde karbon dioksit (CO2) emisyonu maksimuma ulaşmıştır. PLBC toprağın organik madde içeriğini önemli ölçüde arttırmıştır. Değerler kontrol, %2 ve %5 için sırasıyla %3.51, %4.70, %6.27 düzeyinde bulunmuştur. PLBC uygulaması toprağın C mineralizasyonu üzerinde artan bir negatif etki göstermiştir. Partikül organik madde (POM) değerleri PLBC uygulamalarının organik karbon depolanmasını arttırdığını göstermiştir. PLBC uygulamalarının toprakta karbon depolamasının yanı sıra toprak düzenleyici etkisi gösterdiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Kontrollü koşullar altında kısa süreli bir inkübasyon çalışması ile elde edilen bu sonuçların sera ve arazi çalışmaları ile desteklenmesi daha faydalı olacaktır.

Influence of Poultry Litter Biochar on Some Properties and Carbon Mineralization in Acidic Soil

During the last years, biochar (BC) from various organic wastes and its application to soil to improve soil properties have been a very common treatment in agricultural soils. While many studies have been conducted on the effects of biochar on the improvement of alkaline soils, studies on acid soils are limited. An incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of poultry litter biochar (PLBC) on acidic soil properties and C mineralization. Biochar derived from poultry litter (PLBC) through slow pyrolysis was mixed with soil in three different doses (0, 2, and 5%) and subjected to a 120-day incubation period. pH increased from 4.38 to 5.31 at the end of the incubation. Electrical conductivity (EC) values also increased. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reached its maximum on the 30th day of the incubation in control and with PLBC applied to the soil. PLBC increased the organic matter (OM) content of the soil. Values were 3.51%, 4.70%, 6.27% for control, PLBC 2% and 5% treatments, respectively. PLBC does have an increasing negative priming effect on the carbon (C) mineralization of the soil. Particulate organic matter (POM) increased the storage of organic carbon (OC) in the POM fraction for both PLBC applications. It is revealed that PLBC showed soil conditioning effect as well as C storage in the soil. This study was on the short-term incubation under controlled conditions, varying results would be obtained in field conditions.

___

  • Akça, M.O., Sozudogru Ok, S., Deniz, K., Mohammedelnour, A. & Kibar, M. (2021). Spectroscopic Characterization and Elemental Composition of Biochars Obtained from Different Agricultural Wastes. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 27(4), 426-435.
  • Anonymous, 1954. US Salinity Laboratory Staff. “Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils”, Agricultural Handbook. No: 60, 160, USDA.
  • ASTM D1762-84 (2007). Standard test method for chemical analysis of wood charcoal. Conshohocken, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials.
  • Averill, C. & Waring, B. (2018). Nitrogen limitation of decomposition and decay: how can it occur? Global Change Biology, 24, 1417-1427.
  • Bouyoucos, G.J. (1951). A recalibration of the hydrometer method for making mechanical analysis of soils. Agronomy Journal, 43, 434-438.
  • Bremner, J.M (1965) Total Nitrogen. Methods Soil Anal part 2. Chem Microbiol Prop 9:1149–1178.
  • Cambardella, C.A. & Elliott, E.T. (1992). Particulate Soil Organic-Matter Changes across a Grassland Cultivation Sequence. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 56, 777-783.
  • Chan, K.Y., van Zwieten, L., Meszaros, I., Downie, A. & Joseph, S. (2007). Agronomic values of green waste biochar as a soil amendment. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 45: 629-634.
  • Chintala, R., Mollinedo, J., Schumacher, T.E., Malo, D.D. & Julson, J.L. (2014). Effect of biochar on chemical properties of acidic soil. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 60 (3): 393-404.
  • Clemente, J.S., Beauchemin, S., Thibault, Y., MacKinnon, T. & Smith, D. (2018). Differentiating inorganics in biochars produced at commercial scale using principal component analysis. American Chemical Society Omega, 3 (6), 6931–6944.
  • Cooper, J., Greenberg, I., Ludwig, B., Hippich, L., Fischer, D., Glaser, B. & Kaiser, M. (2020). Effect of biochar and compost on soil properties and organic matter in aggregate size fractions under field conditions. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 295, 106882.
  • Datta, A., Jat, H.S., Yadav, A.K., Choudhary, M., Sharma, P.C., Rai, M., Singh, L.K., Majumder, S.P., Choudhary, V. & Jat, M.L. (2019). Carbon mineralization in soil as influenced by crop residue type and placement in an Alfisols of Northwest India. Carbon Management, 10(1), 37-50.
  • Demirer, N.D., Duran, M., Ergüder, T.H., Güven, E., Uğurlu, Ö. & Tezel, U. (2000). Anaerobic treatability and biogas production potential studies of different agro-industrial wastewaters in Turkey. Biodegradation, 11, 401-405.
  • Evans, M.R., Jackson, B.R., Popp, M. & Sadaka, S. (2017). Chemical Properties of Biochar Materials Manufactured from Agricultural Products Common to the Southeast United States. Horticultural Technology, 27, 16-23.
  • Gaunt, J.L. & Lehmann, J. (2008). Energy balance and emissions associated with biochar sequestration and pyrolysis bioenergy production. Environmental Science and Technology, 42(11): 4152-4158.
  • Glaser, B., Balashov, E., Haumaier, L., Guggenberger, G. & Zech, W. (2000). Black carbon in density fractions of anthropogenic soils of the Brazilian Amazon region. Organic Geochemistry, 31(7-8), 669–678.
  • Halim, N.S.A., Abdullah, R., Karsani, S.A, Osman, N., Panhwar, Q.A. & Ishak, C.F. (2018). Influence of Soil Amendments on the Growth and Yield of Rice in Acidic Soil. Agronomy, 8(9), 165.
  • Haumaier, L. & Zech, W. (1995). Black carbon-possible source of highly aromatic components of soil humic acids. Organic Geochemistry, 23(3), 191-196.
  • He, X.S, Xi, B.D., Jiang, Y.H., Li, M.X., Yu, H. B., An, D., Yang, Y. & Liu, H.L. (2012). Elemental and spectroscopic methods with chemometric analysis for characterizing composition and transformation of dissolved organic matter during chicken manure composting. Environmental Technology, 33, 2033–39.
  • Hossain, M.B., Rahman, M.M., Biswas, J.C., Miah, Md. M.U., Akhter, S., Maniruzzaman, Md., Choudhury, A.K., Ahmed, F., Shiragi, Md.H. K. & Kalra, N. (2017). Carbon mineralization and carbon dioxide emission from organic matter added soil under different temperature regimes. International Journal of Recycling Organic Waste in Agriculture, 6, 311–319.
  • Höper, H. (2006). Substrate-induced respiration, in Bloem J, Hopkins, D W Benedetti, A.: Microbiological Methods for Assessing Soil Quality. CABI, Wallingford, pp. 84–92.
  • Jassal, R.S., Johnson, S., Molodovskaya, M., Black, T.A., Jollymore, A. & Sveinson, K. (2015). Nitrogen enrichment potential of biochar in relation to pyrolysis temperature and feedstock quality. Journal of Environmental Management, 152, 140-144.
  • Jatav, H.S., Singh, S.K., Jatav, S.S., Rajput, V.D., Parihar, M., Mahawer, S.K., Singhal, R.K. & Sukirtee (2020). Importance of Biochar in Agriculture and Its Consequence, Applications of Biochar for Environmental Safety. Eds. Abdelhafez, A.A. and Abbas, M.H.H. IntechOpen. p.276. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93049
  • Jeffery, S., Verheijen, F.G.A., van der Velde, M. & Bastos, A.C. (2011). A quantitative review of the effects of biochar application to soils on crop productivity using meta-analysis. Agriculture Ecosystem and Environment, 144, 175–187.
  • Kishimoto, S. & Sugiura, G. (1985). Charcoal as a soil conditioner. Int Archieve Future 5, 12-23.
  • Kookana, R.S., Sarmah, A.K., van Zwieten, L., Krull, E. & Singh, B. (2011). Biochar Application to Soil: Agronomic and Environmental Benefits and Unintended Consequences. Advances in Agronomy, 112, 103-143.
  • Kuzyakov, Y., Subbotina, I., Chen, H., Bogomolova, I. & Xu, X. (2009). Black carbon decomposition and incorporation into soil microbial biomass estimated by 14C labelling. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 41(2), 210-219
  • Kuzyakov, Y., Bogomolova, I., & Glaser, B. 2014. Biochar stability in soil: Decomposition during eight years and transformation as assessed by compound-specific 14C analysis, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 70, 229-236
  • Lehmann, J., Gaunt, J. & Rondon, M. (2006). Bio-char Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems - A Review. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 11, 403–427.
  • Lehmann, J. & Joseph, S. (2015). Biochar for environmental management: an introduction. In: Lehmann J, Joseph S (eds) Biochar for Environmental Management: Science, Technology and Implementation. Taylor and Francis, London, pp 1–13.
  • Malchair, S. & Carnol, M. (2009). Microbial Biomass and C and N Transformations in Forest Floors under European Beech, Sessile oak, Norway Spruce and Douglas-fir at Four Temperate Forest Sites, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 41(4), 831-839.
  • Mbagwu, J.S.C. & Piccolo, A. (1997). Effects of Hmic Substances from Oxidized Coal on Soil Chemical Properties and Maize Yield. In: Drozd, J., Gonet, S.S., Senesi, N. and Weber, J., Eds., The Role of Humic Substances in the Ecosystems and in Environmental Protection, Poland Polish Society of Humic Substances, Wroclaw, 921-925
  • Mukherjee, A. & Lal, R. (2013). Biochar impacts on soil physical properties and greenhouse gas emissions. Agronomy, 3, 313-339.
  • Mujtaba. G., Hayat, R., Hussain, Q. & Ahmed, M. (2021). Physio-chemical characterization of biochar, compost and co-composted biochar derived from green waste. Sustainability, 13(9), 4628.
  • Naramabuye, F.X. & Haynes, R.J. (2006). Effect of organic amendments on soil pH and AI solubility and use of laboratory indices to predict their liming effect. Soil Science. 171 (10), 754-763.
  • Nelson, D. & Sommers, L. (1982). Total Carbon, Organic Carbon, and Organic Matter. In Methods of Soil Analysis, 2nd ed.; Sparks, D., Page, A., Eds.; American Society of Agronomy, Inc. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA, 9, pp. 562–564.
  • Ozdemir, N., Onal, T. & Kop Durmuş, T. (2020). Effects of organic and traditional tea farming practices on some soil quality parameters and micronutrient availability.Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Dergisi, 8(1), 61– 68 (in Turkish).
  • Pignatello, J.J., Kwon, S. & Lu, Y. (2006). Effect of natural organic substances on the surface and adsorptive properties of environmental black carbon (char): attenuation of surface activity by humic and fulvic acids. Environmental Science and Technology, 40, 7757–7763.
  • Quilliam, R.S., Glanville, H.C., Wade, S.C. & Jones, D.L. (2013). Life in the ‘charosphere’–Does biochar in agricultural soil provide a significant habitat for microorganisms? Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 65, 287-293.
  • Rahman, M.M. (2014). Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics and Carbon Sequestration in Soils under Different Residue Management. The Agriculturists, 12(2), 48-55.
  • Rajkovich, S., Enders, A., Hanley, K., Hyland, C., Zimmerman, A.R. & Lehmann, J. (2012). Corn growth and nitrogen nutrition after additions of biochars with varying properties to a temperate soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils 48(3), 271-284 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-011-0624-7 Ren-yong, S.H.I., Jiu-yu, L.I., Ni, N.I. & Ren-kou, X.U. (2019). Understanding the biochar's role in ameliorating soil acidity, Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 18, 1508-1517.
  • Revell, K.T. (2011). The Effect of Fast Pyrolysis Biochar Made From Poultry Litter on Soil Properties and Plant Growth Masters of Science In: Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences. Blacksburg, VA.
  • Sarma, B., Borkotoki, B., Gogoi, N. & Kataki, R. (2017). Responses of Soil Enzymes and Carbon Mineralization to Applied Organic Amendments: A Short-term Study in Acidic Sandy Loam Soil. J Indian Society of Soil Science, 65 (3), 283-289.
  • Scott, H., Ponsonby, D.J. & Atkinson, C.J. (2014). Biochar: An improver of nutrient and soil water availability-what is the evidence? CAB Reviews 9, No. 01. CAB Reviews Perspectives In: Agriculture Veterinary Science Nutrition and Natural Resources 9 https://doi.org/10.1079/ PAVSNNR20149019.
  • Sigua, G.C., Novak, J.M., Watts, D.W., Cantrell, K.B., Shumaker, P.D., Szögi, A.A. & Johnson, M.G. (2014). Carbon mineralization in two ultisols amended with different sources and particle sizes of pyrolyzed biochar. Chemosphere, 103, 313-10.
  • Sikder, S. & Joardar, J.C. (2019). Biochar production from poultry litter as management approach and effects on plant growth. International Journal of Recycling Organic Waste in Agriculture, 8, 47.
  • Six, J., Elliott, E.T. & Paustian, K. (1999). Aggregate and soil organic matter dynamics under conventional and no-tillage systems. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 63:1350–1358.
  • Spokas, K. A., Cantrell, K.B., Novak, J.M. Archer, D.W., Ippolito,J.A., Collins, H. P. Boateng, A. A., Lima, I.M. Lamb, M. C. McAloon, A.J., Lentz, R. D., Nichols K. A. (2012) Biochar: a synthesis of its agronomic impact beyond carbon sequestration. Journal of Environmental Quality, 41, 973–989.
  • Thomas, G.W. (1982). “Exchangeable Cations. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological Properties”, Second Edition. A.L. Page (editor). Agronomy, No. 9, Part 2, American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wl: 159-165.
  • Troy, S., Lawlor, P.G., O'Flynn, C.J. & Healy, M.G. (2013). Impact of biochar addition to soil on greenhouse gas emissions following pig manure application. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 60, 173-181.
  • TUIK (2021). Poultry livestock production in Turkey. https://data.tuik.gov.tr. Erişim tarihi:05.02.2021
  • Van Zwieten, L., Kimber, S., Morris, S., Chan, K.Y., Downie, A., Rust,J., Joseph, S. & Cowie, A. (2010). Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility. Plant and Soil, 327, 235–246.
  • Verheijen, F., Jeffery, S., Bastos, A., Van Der Velde, M. & Diafas, I. (2010). Biochar Application to Soils - A critical scientific review of effects on soil properties, processes and functions. EUR 24099 EN. Luxembourg: European Commission; JRC55799
  • von Uexküll, H.R. & Mutert, E. (1995). Global extent, development and economic impact of acid soils. Plant and Soil, 171, 1–15.
  • Yan, T., Xue, J., Zhou, Z. & Wu, Y. (2020). The Trends in Research on the Effects of Biochar on Soil. Sustainability, 12, 7810.
  • Yang, X., Wang, D., Lan, Y., Meng, J., Jiang, L., Sun, Q., Cao, D., Sun, Y. & Chen, W. (2018). Labile Organic Carbon Fractions and Carbon Pool Management index in a 3-year Field Study with Biochar Amendment. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 18, 1569–1578.
  • Zhang, M., Riaz, M., Zhang, L., El-desouki, Z., Jiang, C. (2019). Biochar induces changes to basic soil properties and bacterial communities of different soils to varying degrees at 25 mm rainfall: more effective on acidic soils. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10:1321.
  • Zhang, Qz., Dijkstra, F.A., Liu, Xr., Wang, Yd., Huang, J. & Lu, N. (2014). Effects of biochar on soil microbial biomass after four years of consecutive application in the North China plain. PLoS One, 9, e102062.
  • Zhao, B. & Nartey, O.D. (2014). Characterization and evaluation of biochars derived from agricultural waste biomass from Gansu, China. The 2014 world congress on advances in civil, environmental and materials research (ACEM 14), Busan, Korea, August, 24-28.
  • Zimmerman, A.R., Gao, B. & Ahn, M.Y. (2011). Positive and negative carbon mineralization priming effects among a variety of biochar-amended soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 43, 1169–1179.