Yaşlı Zeytin Ağaçlarında Budamanın Bitki Gaz Alışverişi Üzerine Etkileri

Geleneksel (eski usul) zeytin (Olea europaea L.) yetiştiriciliğimiz, marjinal alan olarak kabul edilen, eğimli ve kır arazilerde, sulama yapılmadan gerçekleştirilmektedir. Son yıllarda modern sık dikim zeytin yetiştiriciliği ülkemizde hızla yaygınlaşmaya başlamış olmakla birlikte özellikle eğimli ve kır arazilerde diğer birçok ürünün yetiştiriciliği ekonomik olmadığı için, zeytin yetiştiriciliği bu tip arazilerde ekonomik önemini korumaktadır. Geleneksel yetiştiriciliğimizde, sulama başta olmak üzere, birçok kültürel uygulama yapılmamakta ya da yeterli olmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, düzenli budama yapılan ve yapılmayan zeytin ağaçlarında gaz alışverişi kapasitesinin ve bitki taç gelişiminin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla; fotosentez (PN µmol/m2/s) ve transpirasyon (T mmol/m2/s) ölçümleri yapılmış, bitkilerin su kullanım etkinliği (WUE) hesaplanmıştır. Taç gelişiminin ve fotosentetik aktif yüzeyin belirlenmesi amacıyla da yaprak alanı indeksi (LAI) hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre; düzenli budama uygulanan ağaçlarda su kullanımının daha etkin olduğu ve bitkilerin kuraklıktan daha az etkilendikleri belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Zeytin, Budama, Su Kullanım Etkinliği, Gaz Alışverişi, Yaprak Alanı İndeksi

The Effects of Pruning on Gas Exchange in Old Olive Trees

Traditional olive (Olea europaea L.) growing is carried out in sloping and barren areas without irrigation which are considered as marginal lands. Although modern olive cultivation has started to spread rapidly in recent years, traditional olive cultivation maintains its economic importance in these marginal lands. The aim of this study is to determine the gas exchange capacity and plant crown development in olive trees with and without regular pruning. For this purpose; photosynthesis (PN µmol/m2/s) and transpiration (T mmol/m2/s) were measured and the water use efficiency (WUE) was calculated as the ratio of PN and T. Leaf area index (LAI) was also measured and calculated to determine the crown development and photosynthetic active surface. According to the obtained data as a result of the study; it was determined that water use was more efficient in trees subjected to regular pruning and plants were less affected by drought.

Keywords:

Olive, Pruning, Water Use Efficiency, Gas Exchange, Leaf Area Index,

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ISSN: 1309-5889
Başlangıç: 2010
Yayıncı: Zeytincilik Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü - İZMİR

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