Fotovoltaik Uygulamalar İçin Kararlı Tek Eksenli Bir Güneş Takip Sistemi Tasarımı ve Uygulaması

Hücre üretim teknolojilerindeki iyileştirmelere rağmen, modüllerin enerji dönüştürme oranlarının hâlâ istenen düzeyde olmaması fotovoltaik sistemlerin en önemli olumsuzluklarından biridir. Bu amaçla bir fotovoltaik sistemden daha yüksek enerji eldesi için güneş takip sistemleri kullanılmaktadır. Literatürde bu alanda yapılmış birçok çalışma olmasına rağmen, bu çalışmaların büyük bir kısmında genellikle takip sisteminin yazılım ve devre kısmına odaklanılmakta veya oluşturulan küçük boyutlu prototipler üzerinde gerçekleştirilen kısa vadeli test sonuçlarının sunulmasıyla yetinilmektedir. Fotovoltaik sistemlerin uzun yıllar boyunca farklı atmosferik değişimlere maruz kalarak çalıştığı göz önüne alındığında, bu sistemlerle beraber kullanılan güneş takip sistemlerinin farklı hava durumları altında uzun vadeli testlere tabi tutulmaları en doğru yaklaşım olacaktır. Bu amaçla bu çalışmada, tek eksenli bir güneş takip sistemi tasarlanmış ve üretilmiştir. Uygulamanın sürücü devresi ve mekanik aksamıyla ile ilgili tüm detaylar açık bir şekilde belirtilmiştir. Güneş izleyici sistem sayesinde günlük olarak elde edilen verim artışı, ilgili güne ait radyasyon ortalaması ve güneşlenme süresine göre değişmektedir. Sonuçlara göre güneş izleyici sistemin yıllık bazda %30.84 verim artışı sağladığı kaydedilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Enerji verimliliği, Fotovoltaik sistemler, Güneş enerjisi, Güneş izleme sistemleri, Tek yönlü güneş izleyici, Yenilenebilir enerji

Design and Implementation of a Stable Single Axis Solar Tracking System for Photovoltaic Applications

Despite the improvements in cell production technologies, the energy conversion rates of the modules are still not at the desired level and this is one of the most important disadvantages of photovoltaic systems. For this purpose, solar tracking systems are used to obtain the highest energy from a photovoltaic system. Although there are many studies in this field available in the current literature, most of these studies generally focus on the software and circuit parts of the tracking system or focus on the short-term test results carried out on the small-sized prototypes created. Considering the fact that photovoltaic systems are generally exposed to different atmospheric changes for many years, it would be the best approach to testify the solar tracking systems under long-term tests for different weather conditions. For this purpose, a single-axis solar tracking system was designed and produced in this study. All details about the driver circuit and the mechanics of the system are clearly stated. Thanks to the solar tracker system, the daily increase in efficiency varies according to the radiation average and sunshine duration of the relevant day. According to the findings, the solar tracker system increases annual yield by 30.84%.

Keywords:

Energy efficiency, Photovoltaic systems, Renewable energy, Single axis solar tracker, Solar energy, Solar tracking systems,

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