___

• REFERENCESS Alam, M. Fozia, G. and Imran, M. (2021). “The Impact of Ethical Leadership & Civility on Organizational Commitment: The Mediating Role of Work Engagement”. Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 8, 173–188.
• Albrecht, S. L., and Andreetta, M. (2011). “The Influence of Empowering Leadership, Empowerment and Engagement on Affective Commitment and Turnover Intentions in Community Health Service Workers. Leadership in Health Services, 24(3), 228–237. doi:10.1108/17511871111151126
• Allen, N. J. and Meyer, J. P. (1990). “The Measurement and Antecedents of Affective, Continuance and Normative Commitment to the Organization”. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63(1), 1–18. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x Allen, N. J., and Meyer, J. P. (1996).” Affective, Continuance, and Normative Commitment to the Organization: An Examination of Construct Validity”. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 49, 252–276
• Ampofo, E. T. (2020). “Mediation Effects of Job Satisfaction and Work Engagement on the Relationship Between Organisational Embeddedness and Affective Commitment Among Frontline Employees of Star–Rated Hotels in Accra”. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 44, 253–262. doi:10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.06.002
• Ashforth, B.E. and Mael, F.A. (1989). “Social Identity Theory and the Organization”. Academy of Management Review, 14 (1), 20–39 Asif, M., Qing,M., Hwang, J. and Shi, H. (2019). “Ethical Leadership, Affective Commitment, Work Engagement, and Creativity: Testing a Multiple Mediation Approach”. Sustainability, 11(16), 4489. doi:10.3390/su11164489
• Avolio, B.J., Walumbwa, F.O. and Weber, T.J. (2009). “Leadership: Current Theories, Research, And Future Direction”. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 421-429. Babcock-Roberson, M. E., and Strickland, O. J. (2010). “The Relationship Between Charismatic Leadership, Work Engagement, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors”. The Journal of Psychology, 144(3), 313–326. doi:10.1080/00223981003648336 Bagozzi, R.P. and Yi, Y. (1988). “On The Evaluation of Structural Equation Models”. Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74–97.
• Bakker, A. B., and Leiter, M. P. (2010). Work Engagement: A Handbook of Essential Theory and Research. Psychology press
• Banks, G. C., Engemann, K. N., Williams, C. E., Gooty, J., McCauley, K. D., and Medaugh, M. R. (2017). “A Meta-Analytic Review and Future Research Agenda of Charismatic Leadership”. The Leadership Quarterly, 28(4), 508–529
• Bass, B. M. (1997). “Does the Transactional–Transformational Leadership Paradigm Transcend Organizational and National Boundaries?” American Psychologist, 52(2), 130–139. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.52.2.130
• Benjamin, A. (2012). “The Influence of Affective Commitment on Citizenship Behavior and Intention to Quit among Commercial Banks’ Employees in Nigeria”. Journal of Management and Sustainability, 2(2). doi:10.5539/jms.v2n2p54 Blau, P.M. (1964). Exchange and Power in Social Life, New York: Wiley
• Bono, J. E., and Judge, T. A. (2003). “Self-Concordance at Work: Toward Understanding The Motivational Effects of Transformational Leaders”. Academy of Management Journal, 46, 554–571
• Chordiya R, Sabharwal M. and Goodman D. (2017). “Affective Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction: A Cross-National Comparative Study”. Public Administration, 95 (1), 1-18. doi: 10.1111/padm.12306
• Conger, J. A., and Kanungo, R. N. (1994). “Charismatic Leadership in Organizations: Perceived Behavioral Attributes and Their Measurement”. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, 439–452
• Conger, J. A. ve Kanungo, R. N. (1998). Charismatic Leadership in Organization.London: SAGE.
• Conger, J. A., Kanungo, R. N., and Menon, S. T. (2000). “Charismatic leadership and follower effects”. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 747–767.
• Cortes, A. F., and Herrmann, P. (2019). “Ceo Transformatıonal Leadershıp and SME Innovatıon: The Medıatıng Role of Socıal Capıtal and Employee Partıcıpatıon”. International Journal of Innovation Management, 2050024. doi:10.1142/s1363919620500243
• Çalışkan, S. C. (2014). “Pozitif Örgütsel Davranış Değişkenlerinin İşe Adanmışlık, Tükenmişlik Ve Sinizm Üzerine Etkileri ve Bu Etkileşimde Örgütsel Adalet Algısının Aracılık Rolü Üzerine Bir Araştırma”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(3), 363-382. doı: 10.16953/deusbed.81606
• Çolakoğlu, E. and Bozkurt, İ. (2021). “Algılanan Hizmet Kalitesinin Tutum Üzerine Etkisinde Hastane Türünün Düzenleyici Etkisi”. JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy , 6 (2) , 151-161
• Duran, C., Boz, D., Behdioğlu, S. and Kutlu, S. (2019). “Yetenek Yönetimi Uygulamaları Ölçeği Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20 (2) , 158-189 . DOI: 10.17494/ogusbd.672762
• Farid, T., Iqbal, S., Ma, J., Castro-González, S., Khattak, A., and Khan, M. K. (2019). “Employees’ Perceptions of CSR, Work Engagement, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Mediating Effects of Organizational Justice”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101731
• Fazio, J., Gong, B., Sims, R., and Yurova, Y. (2017). “The Role of Affective Commitment in the Relationship Between Social Support and Turnover İntention”. Management Decision, 55(3), 512–525. doi:10.1108/md-05-2016-0338
• Gebert, D., Heinitz, K. and Buengeler, C. (2016). “Leaders’ Charismatic Leadership and Followers’ Commitment — The Moderating Dynamics of Value Erosion at the Societal Level”. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(1), 98–108. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.08.006
• George, D., ve Mallery, P. (2012). IBM SPSS Statistics 19 Step by Step. Boston.
• Gilliland, D. I. ve Bello, D. C. (2002). “Two Sides to Attitudinal Commitment: The Effect of Calculative and Loyalty Commitment on Enforcement Mechanisms in Distribution Channels”. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 30(1), 24–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 03079450094306
• Gül, H. (2003). “A Research On The Relationship Between Charismatic Leadership and Organizational Commitment”, Gebze Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Gebze, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi.
• Gün, F. and Başkan, G.A., (2016). “Öğretim Elemanlarının Algılarına Göre Örgütsel Sinizm ile Tükenmişlik Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1-20. doı:10.16986/huje.2016016393
• Hair, J.F., Risher, J.J., Sarstedt, M. and Ringle, C.M. (2019). “When to Use and How To Report The Results of PLS-SEM", European Business Review, 31(1), 2-24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203.
• Hakanen J., Bakker, A.B. and Schaufeli, W.B. (2006). “Burnout and Work Engagement among Teachers”, Journal of School Psychology, 43 495–513.
• Hakanen, J., Schaufeli, W.B. and Ahola, K. (2008). “The Job Demands-Resources Model: A Three Year Cross-lagged Study of Burnout, Depression, Commitment, and Work Engagement”, Work and Stress, 22, 224-241.
• Hallberg, U. E., and Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). "Same Same" But Different? Can Work Engagement Be Discriminated from Job Involvement and Organizational Commitment? European Psychologist, 11(2), 119–127. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-
• Haque, A., Fernando, M., and Caputi, P. (2018). “Responsible Leadership, Affective Commitment and İntention To Quit: An İndividual Level Analysis”. Leadership & Organization Development Journal. doi:10.1108/lodj-12-2017-0397
• Hauer, G., Quan, T. A. J. and Liang, Y-K., (2021). “Leadership as an İnfluencing Factor in Employee Retention–A Case Study Analysis in East Asian multinational corporations in the Digital Age”. Revista Română de Informatică și Automatică31(1): 89-100.
• Horn, D., Mathis, C. J., Robinson, S. L., and Randle, N. (2014). The Journal of Psychology, 149(8), 751–774. doi:10.1080/00223980.2014.978253
• Hulland, J. (1999). “Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: a review of four recent studies”. Strategic Management Journal, 20(2), 195–204. doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0266(199902)20:2<195::aid-smj13>3.0.co;2-7
• İnce, A.R. (2016). “Algılanan Örgütsel Desteğin İşe Adanmışlık Üzerindeki Etkisinde Yönetici Desteğinin Aracılık Rolü”. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi ,15(57), 649-660.
• Jung, H.S. Song, M.K. and Yoon, H.H. (2021). “The Effects of Workplace Loneliness on Work Engagement and Organizational Commitment: Moderating Roles of Leader-Member Exchange and Coworker Exchange”. Sustainability , 13, 948. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020948
• Kahn, W. A. (1990). “Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work”. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692-724.
• Kark, R., Shamir, B., and Chen, G. (2003). “The Two Faces of Transformational Leadership: Empowerment and Dependency”. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 246– 255.
• Kasımov, R. (2006). “İnsan Kaynakları Yönetiminde Eğitim ve Geliştirmenin Önemi: Azerbaycan’da Faaliyet Gösteren Büyük Ölçekli İşletmelerde Bir Uygulama”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Niğde Üniversitesi, SBE., Niğde.
• Keskes, I. (2014). “Relationship Between Leadership Styles and Dimensions of Employee Organizational Commitment: A Critical Review and discussion of Future Directions”. Intangible Capital, 10(1). doi:10.3926/ic.476
• Kets de Vries, M. F., and Miller, D. (1985). “Narcissism and Leadership: An Object Relations Perspective”. Human Relations, 38(6), 583–601. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872678503800606
• King, C. and So, K.K.F. (2015). “Enhancing Hotel Employees’ Brand Understanding and Brand-Building Behaviour in China”. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 492-516
• Koo, B., Yu, J., Chua, B.-L., Lee, S., and Han, H. (2020). “Relationships Among Emotional and Material Rewards, Job Satisfaction, Burnout, Affective Commitment, Job Performance, and Turnover Intention in the Hotel Industry”. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 371–401. doi:10.1080/1528008x.2019.1663572
• Kooij, D. T. A. M., Jansen, P. G. W., Dikkers, J. S. E. and De Lange, A. H. (2010). “The influence of Age on the Associations Between HR Practices and Both Affective Commitment and Job Satisfaction: A Meta-Analysis”. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31(8), 1111–1136. doi:10.1002/job.666
• Lam, T., Zhang, H., and Baum, T. (2001). “An İnvestigation of employees’ job satisfaction: The Case of Hotels in Hong Kong”. Tourism Management, 22(2), 157-165.
• Llorens, S., Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W., ve Salanova, M. (2006). “Testing the Robustness of the Job Demands-Resources Model”. International Journal of Stress Management, 14(2), 224–225. https://doi.org/10.1037/1072-5245.14.2.224
• Lok, P. and J. Crawford. (2004). “The Effect of Organizational Culture and Leadership Style on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment: A Cross-National Comparison”. Journal of Management Development, 23(4), 321–38. doı: 10.1108/02621710410529785
• Macey, W. H., and Schneider, B. (2008). “The Meaning of Employee Engagement”. Industrial and organizational Psychology, 1(1), 3-30.
• Machokoto, W. (2019) “The Relationship Between Charismatic Leadership and Affective Commitment: A Systematic Review”. Journal of International Business and Management, 2 (1), 1-11.
• Mangundjaya, W., L., (2017). Charısmatıc Leadershıp and Work Ethıcs on Employee Engagement, Proceedıngs of the 11th Internatıonal Management Conference “The Role Of Management İn The Economic Paradigm Of The XXIst Century” November 2nd-4th, 2017, Bucharest, Romanıa
• Mangundjaya, W. L., and Amir, M. T. (2021). “Testing Resilience and Work Ethics as Mediators Between Charismatic Leadership and Affective Commitment to Change”. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(2), 401–410. https://doi. org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no2.0401
• Mass.Guterresa, L. F. D. C., Armanu, A. and Rofiaty, R. (2020). “The Role of Work Motivation as a Mediator on the İnfluence of Education-Training and Leadership Style on Employee Performance”. Management Science Letters, 1497–1504. doi:10.5267/j.msl.2019.12.017
• Maslow, A.H. (1943). “A Theory of Human Motivation”, Psychological Review, 50, 370–396
• McGorry, S.Y. (2000). “Measurement in A Crosscultural Environment: Survey Translation Issues”, Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 3(2), 74-81.
• Memon, M., Salleh, R., Baharom, M., and Harun, H. (2014). “Person-Organization Fit and Turnover İntention: The Mediating Role of Employee Engagement”. Global Business & Management Research, 6(3), 205-209
• Meyer, J.P. ve Allen, N.J. (1991). “A Three-Component Conceptualization of Organizational Commitment”, Human Resource Management Review, 1, 1, 61 – 89
• Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J. and Smith, C. A. (1993). “Commitment to Organization and Occupations: extension and Test of Three-Component Conceptualization”. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 538–551.
• Meyer, J. P., Gagné, M. and Parfyonova, N. M. (2010). “Toward an Evidence-Based Model of Engagement: What We Can Learn From Motivation and Commitment Research”. Handbook of employee engagement: Perspectives, issues, research and practice (Ed.Albrecht,SL.),Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849806374.00011
• Mitonga-Monga, J. (2012). “Perceived Leadership Style and Employee Participation in a Manufacturing Company in the Democratic Republic of Congo”. Afrıcan Journal of Busıness Management, 6(15). doi:10.5897/ajbm11.2443
• Novitasari, D., Haque, M. G., Supriatna, H., Asbari, M., and Purwanto, A. (2021). “Understanding the Links between Charismatic Leadership, Intrinsic Motivation and Tacit Knowledge Sharing among MSME Employees”. International Journal of Social and Management Studies, 2(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.5555/ijosmas.v2i3.29
• Nwokocha, I. and Iheriohanma, E. B. J. (2015). “Nexus Between Leadership Styles, Employee Retention and Performance İn Organizations in Nigeria.” European. Scientific Journal May 2015 edition, 11(13), 185-209.
• Orgambídez, A. and Benítez, M. (2021). “Understanding The Link Between Work Engagement And Affective Organisational Commitment: The Moderating Effect Of Role Stress”. International Journal of Psychology, 56(5), 791–800. doi:10.1002/ijop.12741
• Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrome. Lexington Books/D. C. Heath and Com.
• Özdemir, M. and Pektaş, V. (2020). “Conger-Kanungo Karizmatik Liderlik Ölçeğinin Türk Kültürüne Uyarlama Çalışması”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2 (1), 1-18
• Özutku, H. (2008). “Örgüte Duygusal, Devamlılık ve Normatif Bağlılık ile İş Performansı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi”, İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 37 (2), 79-97. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/98117. Panda, A., Jain, N.K. and Nambudiri, R. (2022), "Work–Family Conflict, Affective Commitment, Leadership and Job Satisfaction: A Moderated Mediation Analysis", International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 71 ( 4) 1469-1489. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-01-2020-0040
• Poon, J. M. L. (2013). “Relationships Among Perceived Career Support, Affective Organizational, and Work Engagement”. International Journal of Psychology, 48(6), 1148–1155. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207594.2013.768768
• Purba, D. E., Oostrom, J. K., van der Molen, H. T., and Born, M. P. (2015). “Personality and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Indonesia: The Mediating Effect of Affective Commitment”. Asian Business & Management, 14(2), 147–170. doi:10.1057/abm.2014.20
• Rani, S., Agustiani, H., Ardiwinata, M.R. and Purwono, R.U. (2018). “Work Engagement and Organizational Commitment in Private University”, Conference: 3 rd International Conference on Psychology in Health, Educational, Social, and Organizational Settings, 464-468.
• Rasool, S. F., Wang, M., Tang, M., Saeed, A., and Iqbal, J. (2021). “How Toxic Workplace Environment Effects the Employee Engagement: The Mediating Role of Organizational Support and Employee Wellbeing”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2294. doi:10.3390/ijerph18052294
• Ribeiro, N., Duarte, A.P., Filipe, R. and David, R. (2022), "Does Authentic Leadership Stimulate Organizational Citizenship Behaviors? The İmportance of Affective Commitment as a Mediator", Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 13 (2) 320-340. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-11-2019-0423
• Rich, B. L., Crawford, E. R. ve Lepine, J. A. (2010). “Job Engagement: Antecedents and Effects on Job Performance”, Academy of Management Journal, 53, 617-635.
• Saks, A. M. (2006). “Antecedents and Consequences of Employee Engagement”. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7), 600–619. doi:10.1108/02683940610690169
• Semedo, A. S. D., Coelho, A. F. M., and Ribeiro, N. M. P. (2016). “Effects of Authentic Leadership, Affective Commitment and Job Resourcefulness on Employees’ Creativity and İndividual Performance”. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 37(8), 1038–1055. doi:10.1108/lodj-02-2015-0029
• Sareen, P. and Agarwal, S. (2016) “Role of Leadership on Employee Retention: It Industry in Delhi/NCR” Developing Country Studies, 6(5), 117-123.
• Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-romá, V., and Bakker, A. B. (2002). “The Measurement of Engagement and Burnout: A Two Sample Confirmatory Factor Analytic Approach”. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71–92. doi:10.1023/a:1015630930326
• Scrima, F., Lorito, L., Parry, E., ve Falgares, G. (2014). “The mediating role of work engagement on the relationship between job involvement and affective commitment”. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(15), 2159–2173. doi:10.1080/09585192.2013.862289
• Shamir, B., Zakay, E. and Popper, M. (1998). “Correlates of Charismatic Leader Behavior in Military Units: Subordinates’ Attitudes, Unit Characteristics, and Superiors’ Appraisals Performance”, Academy of Management Journal, 41(4), 387–409.
• Shastri, R.K., Shashi Mishra, K. and Sinha, A. (2013).” Charismatic Leadership and Organizational Commitment: An Indian Perspective”. Global Journal of Business Management, 7(4), 1-8.
• Shooraj, F. (2022). “Studying the Relationship Between Charismatic Leadership, Self Leadership, and Work Engagement in Healthcare Sector”, International Journal of Health System and Disaster Management 4(1): 41-45.
• Sincer, S. (2021). “Öğretmen Performansı, Örgütsel Sadakat ve Karizmatik Liderlik Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Bir Karma Yöntem Araştırması”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi.
• Strickland, O., Babcock, M., Gomes, L., E., Muh, V., and Secarea, A. (2007). “The Relationship Between Leader Charisma, Work Engagement, and Turnover İntentions”. Poster session presented at the annual Western Psychological Association Sasttle, Washington
• Swarnalatha, C. and Prasanna, T. (2013). “Leveraging Employee Engagement for Competitive Advantage: Strategic role of HR”. Review of HRM, Vol. 2, 139-148
• Tabachnick, B.G. and Fidell. L.S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (sixth ed.) Pearson, Boston.
• Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., and Xanthopoulou, D. (2010). “Do Transformational Leaders Enhance Their Followers’ Daily Work Engagement?” The Leadership Quarterly, 22(1), 121–131. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.12.011
• Tütüncü, O., and Kozak, M. (2007). “An Investigation of Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction”. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 8(1), 1–19. doi:10.1300/j149v08n01_01
• Ul Haq, M., I., Farooqi, Y., A., and Ahmad, M. (2016). “The Relationship between Charismatic Leadership, Work Engagement, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Job Responsibilities”, Journal of Marketing and Consumer Research, Vol. 21, 60-66. https://core.ac.uk/reader/234694110
• Van Tuin, L., Schaufeli, W. B., Van den Broeck, A., and van Rhenen, W. (2020). “A Corporate Purpose as an Antecedent to Employee Motivation and Work Engagement”. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.572343
• Waldman, D. A. and Yammarino, F. J. (1999). “CEO Charismatic Leadership: Levels-of-Management and Levels-of-Analysis Effects”. Academy of Management Review, 24(2), 266–285
• Wasti, A. (2000). “Validity and Reliability Analysis of Meyer and Allen’s Three Dimensional Organizational Commitment Scale”, 8th National Management and Organization Congress: 401-410.
• Wong, Y.-W., and Wong, Y. (2017). “The Effects of Perceived Organisational Support and Affective Commitment on Turnover İntention”. Journal of Chinese Human Resources Management, 8(1), 2–21. doi:10.1108/jchrm-01-2017-0001
• Yang, F., Tsai, Y., and Liao, W. (2014). “Examining the Mechanisms Linking Behavioral İntegrity and Affective Commitment: The Mediating Role of Charismatic Leadership”. International Journal of Organizational Innovation, 6(3), 153-173.
• Yaşlıoğlu, M. M. (2017). “Sosyal Bilimlerde Faktör Analizi ve Geçerlilik: Keşfedici ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizlerinin Kullanılması”, İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 46, Özel Sayı, 74-85
• Zhang, H. and Xu, H. (2021). “Improving İnternal Branding Outcomes Through Employees’ Self-Leadership”. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 46, 257–266. doi:10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.12.013
• Zhao, X., Lynch, J.G. and Chen, Q.(2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. J. Consum. Res. 37, 197–206.
• Zhu, W., Avolio, B. J., and Walumbwa, F. O. (2009). “Moderating Role of Follower Characteristics With Transformational Leadership and Follower Work Engagemen”t. Group & Organization Management, 34(5), 590–619. doi:10.1177/105960110833124