Nurdan IŞIK YAVUZ, Gerçek SARAÇ, Engin ÜNAY, DE Hans BRUIJN

Palynological analysis of neogene mammal sites of Turkey vegetational and climatic implications

Türkiye'nin orta ve batı kısımlarından memeli fauna ile yaşlandırılmış gölsel sedimanların palinolojik analizleri yapılmıştır. İncelenen örneklerin stratigrafik diziliminde birlikte bulundukları memeli fosillerinin evrimi temel alınmıştır. Erken Erken Miyosen polen topluluğu, Engelhardia gibi mega-mezotermik elemanlarca zengin bir floranın varlığına işaret etmektedir ve bu flora yarıtropikal bir iklimi yansıtmaktadır. Geç Erken Miyosende mega-mezotermik elemanların azalması sıcaklıkta çok az bir düşüş olduğunu göstermektedir. Orta Miyosende nemli ılıman bir iklimi yansıtan Quercus, Engelhardia, Zelkova, Parrotia persica, Alnus, Cedrus ve Pinus bitkilerince zengin bir karışık orman florası tanımlanmıştır. Mezotermik elemanlardaki azalma ya da yok oluş Geç Miyosende muhtemel bir iklimsel bozulmaya işaet etmektedir. Geç Miyosen florası başat bitkinin Asteraceae olduğu açık alanların yaygın olduğunu yansıtmaktadır. Pliyosen ve Pleyistosen palinofloraları nemli-ılıman iklim koşullarında gelişmiş Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae gibi otsul bitkiler ve çam ağaçlarınca (Pinus, Tsuga, Cedrus, Abies) zengindir. Yapılan paleoiklimsel yorumlar aynı lokasyonlardan tanımlanmış olan memeli faunaları ile de desteklenmektedir.

Pollen assemblages from lacustrine sediments that have known positions relative to mammal faunas in central and western Turkey are analysed. The stratigraphical order of the pollen samples is based on the stage of evolution of the associated mammal remains. The early Early Miocene pollen spectra indicate a flora dominated by mega-mesothermic elements such as Engelhardia and this flora reflects a subtropical climate. The decrease of mega-mesothermic elements during late Early Miocene suggests a slight decrease in temperature. During Middle Miocene a rich mixed forest flora including Quercus, Engelhardia, Zelkova, Parrotia persica, Alnus, Cedrus and Pi-nus indicative of a warm temperate climate are identified. The loss and decrease in abundance of several mesot-hermic elements indicates a possible climatic deterioration in Late Miocene. The Late Miocene flora reflects wide open areas with dominant Asteraceae. The Pliocene and Pleistocene palynofloras are similarly rich in herbs such as Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae and coniferous trees (Pinus, Tsuga, Cedrus, Abies) developed in a humid-temperate climatic condition. These palaeoclimatological interpretations are basically supported by the mammal faunas collected from the same localities.

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