Ergün TUNCAY, Reşat ULUSAY

15511

Akustik Emisyon (Yayılma) (AE) tekniği: 1. AE'nin temel ilkeleri ve kaya mühendisliğindeki uygulama alanları

Akustik Emisyon (Yayılma) (AE) tekniği, özellikle 1970'li yıllardan bu yana, kaya mühendisliğinde yeraltı ve yerüstü yapılarının duraylılığının izlenmesi ve yerkabuğundaki gerilmelerin belirlenmesi amacıyla ABD, Kanada, Japonya ve Avrupa ülkeleri başta olmak üzere, bir çok ülkede kullanılan ve üzerinde araştırma yapılan bir yöntem olmuştur. AE tekniği, yeraltında depolama çalışmalarında, yeraltı açıklıklarında karşılaşılan kaya ve grizu patlaması, aşırı sökülme, tavan çökmesi vb. gibi duraysızlıkların önceden kestiriminde ve duraysızlıkların oluşacağı olası yerlerin belirlenmesinin yanı sıra, şev duraysızlıklarının izlenmesinde de kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca, yeraltı yapılarının tasarımında ve depremlerin yorumlanmasında oldukça önemli bir yeri olan arazi gerilmelerinin belirlenmesinde de kullanılan AE tekniği, hidrolik çatlatma, gerilim boşaltma, gerilim dengeleme vb. gibi yerinde deney yöntemlerine oranla, oldukça pratik ve daha az maliyetli bir yöntemdir. Yöntemin Türkiye'de yeterince tanınmamakta ve uygulanmamakta olduğu dikkate alınarak, bu yazıda AE tekniğinin ilkeleri ile kaya mühendisliğindeki kullanım alanlarının tartışılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, AE tekniğinin kısaca gelişimi, AE sinyallerinin (olgusunun) özellikleri, izleme sistemlerinin amaca göre kullanımı ve sınırlamaları, AE parametreleri, yöntemin yeraltı yapılarının ve şev duraysızlıklarının izlenmesinde ve arazi gerilmelerinin belirlenmesinde kullanımı üzerinde durulmuş ve yöntemin avantaj ve dezavantajları ana hatlarıyla tartışılmıştır.

Acoustic Emission (AE) technique: 1. Basic principles and its areas of application in rock engineering

The acoustic Emission (AE) method is a technique which is being used in rock engineering in order to monitor the stability of underground and surface structures and to estimate in-situ crustal stresses in many countries such as US, Canada, Japan and European countries, particularly since 1970's. The AE technique is employed for predicting instabilities occurring in underground openings, such as rock bursts, gas outbursts, overbreak and roof failures, in the determination of possible source locations of such instabilities and to monitor slope movements. The technique, which is also used in estimation of in-situ stresses necessary for the assessment of earthquakes, is more practical and cheaper when compared to insitu stress measurement techniques such as hydraulic fracturing, overcoring, stress compensating methods, etc. By considering the fact that the AE method is not commonly known and has not been applied in Turkey, in this study it is aimed to discuss the principles of the AE method and its applications in rock engineering. For this purpose, a brief history of its development, characteristics of the AE signals (events), the use of AE monitoring devices for different purposes, AE parameters, and its application in monitoring of instabilities in underground openings, slopes, and insitu stress measurements are reviewed. Finally, advantages and disadvantages of the method are briefly discussed.
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Yerbilimleri-Cover
  • ISSN: 1301-2894
  • Başlangıç: 1976
  • Yayıncı: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yerbilimleri Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi
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