Astımlı çocuklarda properatif hazırlık

Astım, tüm dünyada çocukluk çağında en sık görülen kronik alt solunum yolu hastalığı olup morbidite, sık acil servise başvuru ve hastaneye yatış nedenidir. Özellikle gelişmiş ülkelerde, astım prevalansı son birkaç dekatta belirgin olarak artmıştır. Bu artışın değişen çevre ve yaşam koşulları ile ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Genel olarak, çocukluk çağında astım oluşumuna katkıda bulunan nedenler genetik yatkınlık, atopi varlığı, sigara maruziyeti, hava kirliliği, solunum yolu enfeksiyonları ve viral ajanlar olarak özetlenebilir. Günümüzde astım oluşumunu tamamen önlemek mümkün değildir. Ancak, uygun tedavi, eğitim ve düzenli doktor kontrolü ile astımlı çocuklarının büyük kısmının tam kontrolü sağlanabilir. Anestezik süreçler ve cerrahi girişimler astımlı çocuklarda morbidite ve mortaliteye neden olabilir. Pediatristler, pediatrik immünoloji-allerji uzmanları ve anesteziolojistler başta olmak üzere konuyla ilgili hekimlerin bu konuda yeterli bilgi ve deneyime sahip olması gerekir. Bu derlemede astımlı çocuklarda preoperatif değerlendirme ve ameliyata hazırlık sürecini güncel literatür ışığında ele aldık.

Preoperative preparation for asthma with children

Asthma is the most common chronic lower respiratory disease of childhood and the leading cause of childhood morbidity, emergency department visits and hospitalizations. The prevalence of asthma has increased markedly in the last few decades, especially in developed countries. It is believed that the increase in the prevalence of asthma is related to changing environmental factors and lifestyle. Overall, it is considered that causes contributing to the childhood asthma is genetics, atopy, exposure of smoking, air pollution, respiratory tract infections, and viral agents. Primary prevention of asthma is not possible currently. However, the disease can be controlled successfully in most children with asthma by appropriate treatment, education and regular visits to physician. Both the process of anesthetic and surgical interventions may cause morbidity and mortality in children with asthma. The physicians relevant to this topic, especially pediatrician, specialist of pediatric immunology and allergy, and anesthesiologist must have adequate knowledge and experience in this regard. Therefore, the preoperative assessment and surgery preparation process of children with asthma were evaluated with current literature in this review.

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