RELIEVING BOSNIA FROM THE ORBIT OF DYSFUNCTIONAL CONSOCIATIONALISM: REASONING UNDER THE LIGHT OF LOCAL COMMITTEES EXPERIENCE IN KOSOVO AND ETHNOCOMITOLOGY

Her ne kadar yetki-paylaşımı sistemleri etnik anlamda bölünmüş toplumlar açısından elverişli siyasal formüllerden biri olarak görülse de sorunsuz da değildirler. Özellikle, uygulamaya konulduklarında söz konusu siyasal yapının çeşitli sorun ve tıkanmalardan kaynaklanan sorunlara rağmen kendisini dönüştürmesini engelleyen bir çekim etkisi yaratmaktadırlar. Bu çalışma yetki paylaşım sistemlerinin özde mono-etnik patronaj şebekelerini sıkı bir biçimde kontrol eden siyasal elit arasındaki uzlaşmayla ayakta durduğunu, dolayısıyla etnik ayrılık ve düşmanlıkların kemikleşerek sürmesine neden olduğunu göstermeyi hedeflemektedir. Burada ki iddia Kosova’daki UNMIK idaresinin oluşturduğu etnik komitelerin Bosna Hersek’teki yetki paylaşım sisteminden kaynaklanan tıkanıklığın aşılması açısından dikkat çekici çözümlere esin vermiş olduğudur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Bosna, Kosova, Makedonya, konsosyonal system, etnik patronaj, etnokomitoloji

RELIEVING BOSNIA FROM THE ORBIT OF DYSFUNCTIONAL CONSOCIATIONALISM: REASONING UNDER THE LIGHT OF LOCAL COMMITTEES EXPERIENCE IN KOSOVO AND ETHNOCOMITOLOGY

Although power-sharing arrangements are seen as favorable political formulas for the societies divided along ethnic lines, they are problematic in some aspects. Particularly, once put into operation they generate a kind of gravity pull avoiding the self-transformation of polity despite consociational arrangements’ visible malfunction because of some reasons. This study essentially tries to point out that power-sharing arrangements are relied upon the consent among the ethnic elite which firmly control their own mono-ethnic patronage networks, thereby sustaining and cementing ethnic segregation. It claims thats that ethnic committees of UNMIK in pre-independence Kosovo may offer a model to solve the problem of mono-ethnic patronage networks in Bosnia in an unconventional way.

Keywords:

Bosnia, Kosovo, Macedonia, consociations, ethnic patronage, ethnocomitology,

PDF

___

Bakvis, Herman. (1985). “Structure and Process in Federal and Consociational Arrangements,” Publius, 15(2), Federalism and Consociationalism: A Symposium, 57-69.
Belloni, Roberto. (2001) “Civil Society and Peacebuilding in Bosnia Herzegovina”, Journal of Peace Research, 38(2): 163-180.
Bieber, Florian. (2004). “Power Sharing as Ethnic Representation in Postconflict Societies: The Cases of Bosnia, Macedonia, and Kosovo”, Alina Mungiu-Pippidi and Ivan Krastev (eds.), Nationalism After Communism, Central European University Press.
Bogaards, Matthijs. (2004). “Electoral Systems and the Management of Ethnic Conflict in the Balkans,” Alina Mungiu-Pippidi and Ivan Krastev (eds.), Nationalism after Communism: Lessons Learned, Central European University Press.
Elazar, Daniel J. (1985) “Federalism and Consociational Regimes”, Publius, Vol. 15, No. 2, Federalisms and Consociationalism: A Symposium.
Horowitz, Donald. (2006). “Constitutional Design: An Oxymoron”, Ian Shapiro and Stephen Macedo, Designing Democratic Institutions, New York, London: New York University Press.
Ljiphart, Arend. ( 1979). “Consociation and Federation: Conceptual and Empirical Links” Canadian
Journal of Political Science, 12(3): 499-515. Ljiphart, Arendt. (1997). ‘Self-determination versus Pre-determination of Ethnic Minorities in Power
Sharing Systems’ Will Kymlicka (ed.) The Rights of Minority Cultures, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mandacı, Nazif. (2003) “Macedonia: Shadow of Patronage over Inter-Ethnic Relations”, Dokuz Eylul University, Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 5(1): 85-93.
Mandacı, Nazif. (2005). “Turks of Kosovo and Protection of Minority Culture at the Local Level”, Perceptions, 9(2): 59-74.
Mandacı, Nazif. “Turks of Macedonia: Travails of the Smaller Minority”, Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 7(1): 5-23. Mearsheimer, John. J. (2008). “The Only Exit From Bosnia”, New York Times, October 7, 1997, available online on September 4, 2008, http://mearsheimer.uchicago.edu/pdfs/P0005.pdf .
Mertus, Julie. (1999). Kosovo: How Myths and Truths Started a War, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press.
Noel, Sid. (2005) Introduction, Sid Noel (ed.), From Power Sharing to Democracy: Post Conflict
Institutions in Ethnically Divided Societies, Montreal, PQ: McGill Queen’s University Press. O’Leary, Brendan. (2005). “Debating Consociational Politics: Normative and Explanatory
Arguments”, Noel Sid (ed.), From Power Sharing to Democracy: Post Conflict Institutions in Ethnically Divided Societies, Montreal, PQ: McGill Queen’s University Press. Pickering, Paula. (2003). “The Choices that Minorities Make: Strategies of Negotiation with the Majority in Post-War Bosnia-Herzegovina” Dimitris Keridis, Ellen Elias-Bursac, and Nicholas
Yatromanolakis, (eds.), New Epproaches to Balkan Studies, The Ikpa-Kokkalis Series on Southeast Europan Policy, Volume 2. Stroschein, Sherrill. (2003). “What Belgium can Teach Bosnia: The Uses of Autonomy in Divided
Houses”, Journal of Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe, 3, online available at: http://www.ecmi.de/fileadmin/downloads/publications/JEMIE/2003/nr3/Focus3-2003_Stroschein.pdf . (last access February 28, 2013).