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Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımların Yenilenebilir ve Fosil Enerji Tüketimi Üzerindeki Etkileri: Türkiye için Saklı Eşbütünleşme Analizi Bulguları

Bu çalışmada; 1970-2020 döneminde Türkiye’de doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişlerinin yenilenebilir (temiz) ve fosil enerji tüketimi üzerindeki etkileri incelenmektedir. Bu amaçla çalışmada seriler arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişki, Engle-Granger (1987) eşbütünleşme yaklaşımının yanı sıra pozitif ve negatif bileşenler üzerindeki şokları ayrıştırarak dikkate alan Granger ve Yoon (2002) saklı eşbütünleşme yaklaşımı ile analiz edilmiştir. Ampirik bulgular; Türkiye’de doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişlerinin incelenen dönemde hem yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi üzerinde hem de yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin pozitif ve negatif bileşenleri üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye yol açmadığını göstermektedir. Buna karşın doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişleri uzun dönemde fosil yakıt tüketimi üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu bulgular; Türkiye’ye gelen doğrudan yabancı yatırımların temiz enerji tüketimini desteklemek yerine karbon temelli fosil yakıt tüketimini artırdığını ortaya koymaktadır. Dolayısıyla sürdürülebilir çevresel hedeflere ulaşmak için temiz/yenilenebilir enerji tüketimini destekleyecek doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişlerinin eşanlı olarak ekonomi ve çevre politikalarına dâhil edilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar, Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi, Fosil Enerji Tüketimi, Granger ve Yoon Saklı Eşbütünleşme Analizi.

Effects of Foreign Direct Investments on Renewable and Fossil Energy Consumption: Hidden Cointegration Analysis Findings for Turkey

This study investigates the effects of foreign direct investment inflows on renewable (clean) and fossil energy consumption in Turkey during the period 1970-2020. For this purpose, the long-term relationship between the series are analyzed with the Engle-Granger cointegration approach and the hidden cointegration approach of Granger and Yoon (2002) which considers shocks on the positive and negative components of the series by separating. Empirical findings show that foreign direct investment inflows do not have a significant effect on both renewable energy consumption and the positive and negative components of renewable energy consumption in the examined period in Turkey. On the other hand, foreign direct investment inflows have a significant and positive effect on fossil fuel consumption in the long run. These findings reveal that foreign direct investments to Turkey increase carbon-based fossil fuel consumption instead of supporting clean energy consumption. Therefore, it is of great importance to simultaneously include foreign direct investment inflows that will support clean/renewable energy consumption in economic and environmental policies in order to achieve sustainable environmental goals.

Keywords:

Foreign Direct Investments, Renewable Energy Consumption, Fossil Energy Consumption, Granger and Yoon Hidden Cointegration Analysis.,

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