Levent MEMİŞ

8617

Akıllı Teknolojiler, Akıllı Kentler ve Belediyelerde Dönüşüm

Bu çalışmada, nesnelerin interneti ve sensörler gibi gelişen yeni teknolojilerin ve bu teknolojiler ile daha çok ortaya çıkan “büyük verinin” kentlere olan yansıması akıllı kent kavramı üzerinden inceleme konusu yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, akıllı kent kavramından hareketle, kentsel alanda yaşanan bu yeni gelişmelerin, belediye örgütlerinde nasıl bir dönüşüme yol açtığını değerlendirmektir. Belirlenen amaç kapsamında, öncelikle akıllı uygulamaların, kenti hangi açılardan yeni bir boyuta taşıdığı incelenmiştir. İkinci olarak, akıllı kentle daha çok vurgulanan, belediyeleri diğer aktörlerle iş birliğine gerekli kılan faktörler üzerinde durulmuştur. Sonrasında ise, akıllı kent kavramı altında toplanan yeni gelişmelerin belediye örgütlerinin nasıl bir dönüşüme maruz kıldığı incelenmiştir. Tüm bu incelemeler sonucunda, kentteki sorunlara yeni teknolojilerin ve büyük verinin önemli çözümler sunduğu, bu potansiyellerden yararlanmak için aktörler arası bir iş birliği tutumunun ve bunu da destekleyecek şekilde belediye örgütlenmesinde bazı dönüşümlerin gerekli olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır
Anahtar Kelimeler:

Akıllı Kentler, Büyük Veri, Belediye, İş Birliği, Örgütsel Dönüşüm

Smart Technologies, Smart Cities and Transformation in Municipality Organization

In this study, an examination on the concept of smart cities was conducted on the reflection of newly developed technologies like the internet of things and censors, on “big data” cities that are emerging with these technologies. The purpose of the study is to evaluate, with reference to the concept of smart cities, how these new developments being experienced in the urban field lead to a transformation of municipal organizations. Which perspectives especially the smart applications have carried the city to a new dimension were examined within the scope of the specified purpose. Secondly, the factors that have been more emphasized with the smart city and that make municipalities’ cooperation with other actors necessary were discussed. Then, how the new developments collected under the concept of smart cities expose municipal organizations to transformation was investigated. The conclusion was reached as a result of all these investigations that new technologies and big data present big solutions to the problems in cities and that a manner of cooperation between actors and some transformation are necessary in the organization of municipalities in a manner that will support this to be able to utilize this potential
Keywords:

Smart Cities, Big Data, Municipality, Collaboration, Organizational Transformation,

PDF

___

  • ACAR, Muhittin, Örgüsel Yönetim, Nobel Yayıncılık, Ankara, 2004.
  • AGRANOFF, Robert, Managing Within Networks: Adding Value to Public Organizations, Washington, DC., Georgetown University Press, 2007.
  • AGRANOFF, Robert, Collaborating to Manage: A Primer for the Public Sector, Washington, DC., Georgetown University Press, 2012.
  • ALBINO, Vito, BERARDI, Umberto ve DANGELICO, Rosa Maria, “Smart Cities: Definitions, Dimensions, Performance, and Initiatives”, Journal of Urban Technology, 22, 1, 2015, s. 3-21.
  • ANTHOPOULOS, Leonidas G., “Understanding the Smart City Domain: A Literature Review”, Transforming City Governments for Succes- sful Smart Cities, Ed. Manuel Pedro Rodríguez-Bolívar, Springer, 2015, s. 9-21.
  • ANTHOPOULOS, Leonidas, Understanding Smart Cities: A Tool for Smart Government or an Industrial Trick?, Springer, 2017.
  • ATZORI, Luigi, IERA, Antonio ve MORABITO, Giacomo, “The Internet of Things: A Survey”, Computer Networks, 54, 2010, s.2787–2805.
  • BACCARNE, Bastiaan, MECHANT, Peter ve SCHUURMAN, Dimitri, “Empowered Cities? An Analysis of the Structure and Generated Value of the Smart City Ghent”, Smart City How to Create Public and Economic Value with High Technology in Urban Space, Ed. Renata Paola Dameri ve Camille Rosenthal-Sabroux, Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, 2014, s. 157-182.
  • BAKICI, Tuba, ALMİRALL, Esteve ve WAREHAM, Jonathan, “A Smart City Initiative: the Case of Barcelona”, Journal of the Knowledge Economy, C: 4, No: 2, 2013, s. 135–148.
  • BEVIR, Mark ve RHODES, R. A. W. Decentred Theory, Change and Network Governance, UC Berkeley: UC Berkeley Previously Published Works, 2006.
  • CAVANILLAS, Jose Marıa, CURRY, Edward ve WAHLSTER, Wolfgang, “The Big Data Value Opportunity”, New Horizons for a Data-Dri- ven Economy, Der. José María Cavanillas, Edward Curry ve Wolf- gang Wahlster, Springer Open, 2016, s. 3-11.
  • CHEN, Min, MAO, Shiwen ve LİU, Yunhao, “Big Data: A Survey”, Mobile Netw Appl, 19, 2014, s. 171–209.
  • CHOURABI, Hafedh, NAM, Taewoo, WALKER, Shawn, GIL-GARCIA, J. Ramon, MELLOULI, Sehl, NAHON, Karine, PARDO, Theresa A. ve SCHOLL, Hans Jochen “Understanding Smart Cities: An Integrative Framework”, 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, https://www.ctg.albany.edu/publications/ journals/hicss_2012_smartcities/hicss_2012_smartcities.pdf, 05.05.2017, s. 2289-2297.
  • COCCHIA, Annalisa,“Smart and Digital City: A Systematic Literature Re- view”, Smart City: How to Create Public and Economic Value with High Technology in Urban Space, Ed. Renata Paola Dameri ve Camille Rosenthal-Sabroux, Springer, 2014, ss.13-43.
  • COLLIN, Mariana Nascimento, “The Impact Of Smart Technologıes In The Munıcıpal Budget: Increased Revenue And Reduced Expenses For Better Servıces”, http://www.ccacoalition.org/en/resources/ impact-smart-technologies-municipal-budget-increased-reve- nue-and-reduced-expenses-better, 12. 03. 2018.
  • COSSETTA, Anna ve PALUMBO, Mauro, “The Co-production of Social Innovation: The Case of Living Lab”, Smart City: How to Cre- ate Public and Economic Value with High Technology in Urban Space, Ed. Renata Paola Dameri ve Camille Rosenthal-Sabroux, Springer, 2014, s. 221-235.
  • CURRY, Edward, BECKER, Tilman, MUNNE, Ricard, DE LAMA, Nuria ve ZILLNER, Sonja, “The Big Project”, New Horizons for a Da- ta-Driven Economy, Der. José María Cavanillas, Edward Curry ve Wolfgang Wahlster, Springer Open, 2016, s. 16-26.
  • DAMERI, Renata Paola, “Comparing Smart and Digital City: Initiatives and Strategies in Amsterdam and Genoa. Are They Digital and/or Smart?”, Smart City How to Create Public and Economic Value with High Technology in Urban Space, Ed. Renata Paola Dameri ve Camille RosenthalSabroux, Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, 2014, s. 45-88.
  • DAVENPORT, Thomas H., big data @ work, Harvard Business Review Press Boston, Massachusetts, 2014.
  • DESOUZA, Kevin C. ve BHAGWATWAR, Akshay, “Citizen Apps to Solve Complex Urban Problems”, Journal of Urban Technology, C: 19, No: 3, 2012, s. 107-136.
  • DELOITTE, Smart Cities How Rapid Advances İn Technology Are Res- haping Our Economy and Society, https://www2.deloitte. com/content/dam/Deloitte/tr/Documents/public-sector/deloit- te-nl-ps-smart-cities-report.pdf, 05. 05. 2017.
  • DELOITTE, Akıllı Şehir Yol Hartası, https://www.sehirsizin.com/Docu- ments/Deloitte-Vodafone- Akilli-Sehir-Yol-Haritasi.pdf, 08. 5. 2017.
  • DUSTDAR, Schahram, NASTIĆ, Stefan ve ŠĆEKIĆ, Ognjen, Smart Cities: The Internet of Things, People and Systems, Springer, 2017.
  • ENOLL, “Introducing ENoLL and its Living Lab community”, https:// ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/introducing-e- noll-and-its-living-lab-community, 09. 03. 2018.
  • GALATI, Stephen R.,“Funding a Smart City: From Concept to Actuality”, Smart Cities: Applications, Technologies, Standards and Driving Factors, Ed. Stan McClellan, Jesus A. Jimenez ve George Kouti- tas, Springer, 2018, s. 17-39.
  • GASCÓ, Mila, TRIVELLATO, Benedetta ve CAVENAGO, Dario, “How Do Southern European Cities Foster Innovation? Lessons from the Experience of the Smart City Approaches of Barcelona and Mi- lan”, Smarter as the New Urban, Agenda A Comprehensive View of the 21st Century City, Ed. J. Ramon Gil-Garcia, Theresa A. Pardo ve Taewoo Nam, Springer International Publishing, Swit- zerland, 2016, s. 191-206.
  • GIFFINGER, Rudolf, FERTNER, Christian, KRAMAR, Hans, KALASEK, Robert, PICHLER-MILANOVIC, Nataša ve MEIJERS, Evert, “Smart Cities Ranking of European Medium-Sized Cities”, http:// www.smart-cities.eu/download/smart_cities_final_report.pdf, 04.05.2017.
  • GIL-GARCIA, J. Ramon, PARDO, Theresa A. ve NAM, Taewoo, “A Com- prehensive View of the 21st Century City: Smartness as Techno- logies and Innovation in Urban Contexts”, Smarter as the New Urban, Agenda A Comprehensive View of the 21st Century City, Der. J. Ramon Gil-Garcia, Theresa A. Pardo ve Taewoo Nam, Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, 2016, s. 1-22.
  • GÜROL, Yonca, Yeni Dünya Düzeninde İnsanın Örgütte Değişen Rolü, Beta Basım A. Ş., İstanbul, 2010.
  • HAGY, Shea, SELBERG, Peter, TOUPS, Larry ve FEMENIAS, Paula, “DA- RE2Build”, Living Labs: Design and Assessment of Sustainable Living, Ed. David V. Keyson, Olivia Guerra ve Santin Dan Lock- ton, Springer, 2017, s. 103-111.
  • HARRISON, C., ECKMAN, B., HAMILTON, R., HARTSWICK, P., KA- LAGNANAM, J., PARASZCZAK, J., WILLIAMS, P., “Founda- tions for Smarter Cities”, IBM Journal of Research and Develop- ment, C: 54, No: 4, 2010, s. 1-16.
  • HERRERA, Natalia Romero, “The Emergence of Living Lab Methods”, Living Labs: Design and Assessment of Sustainable Living, Ed. David V. Keyson, Olivia Guerra ve Santin Dan Lockton, Springer, 2017, s. 9-22.
  • KAR, Arpan Kumar, GUPTA, M. P., ILAVARASAN, P. Vigneswara ve DWIVEDI, Yogesh K., “Understanding Smart Cities: Inputs for Research and Practice”, Advances In Smart Cıtıes Smarter People, Governance, and Solutıons, Ed. Arpan Kumar Kar, Manmohan Prasad Gupta, P. Vigneswara Ilavarasan ve Yogesh K. Dwıvedı, CRC Press, 2017, s. 1-8.
  • KAYA BENSGHIR, Türksel, “Bilgi Teknolojileri ve Örgütsel Değişim”, TODAİE, Ankara, 1996.
  • KEYMAN, Fuat ve LORASDAĞI, Berrin Koyuncu Kentler: Anadolu’nun Dönüşümü, Türkiye’nin Geleceği, Birinci Baskı, Doğan Kitap, İstanbul, 2010.
  • KIM, Gang-Hoon, TRIMI, Silvana ve CHUNG, Ji-Hyong, “Big-Data App- lications in The Government Sector”, Communications of the ACM, C: 57, No: 3, 2014, s. 78-85.
  • KEYSON, David V., MORRİSON, Gregory M., BAEDEKER, Carolin ve LİEDTKE, Christa, “Living Labs to Accelerate Innovation”, Living Labs: Design and Assessment of Sustainable Living, Ed. David V. Keyson, Olivia Guerra ve Santin Dan Lockton, Springer, 2017, s. 55-61.
  • KLOECKL, Kristian, “The City as a Digital Public Space – Notes for the Design of Live Urban Data Platforms”, Decoding The City: Ur- banism in the Age of Big Data, Der. Dietmar Offenhuber ve Carlo Ratti, Birkhäuser Verlag GmbH, Switzerland, 2014, s. 82-95.
  • LAMBRECHTS, Johannes ve SINHA, Saurabh Microsensing Networks for Sustainable Cities: Smart Sensors, Measurement and Instrumenta- tion, Springer, 2016.
  • MANVILLE, Catriona, COCHRANE, Gavin, CAVE, Jonathan, MILLARD, Jeremy, PEDERSON, Jimmy Kevin, THAARUP, Rasmus Kåre, LIEBE, Andrea, WISSNER, Matthias, MASSINK, Roel ve KOT- TERINK, Bas, “Mapping Smart Cities in the EU”, Directorate General For Internal Policies Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy, www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/.../ IPOL-ITRE_ET(2014)507480_EN.pdf, 10. 11. 2017.
  • MAYER-SCHÖNBERGER, Victor ve CUKIER, Kenneth, Büyük Veri: Ya- şama, Çalışma ve Düşünme Şeklimizi Dönüştürecek Bir Devrim, Paloma Yayınevi, İstanbul, 2013.
  • MEMİŞ, Levent, “Akıllı Kentler ve Akıllı Katı Atık Yönetimi”, Belediye- lerin Geleceği ve Yeni Yaklaşımlar II. Cilt, Ed. Mahmut Güler ve Menaf Turan, Marmara Belediyeler Birliği Kültür Yayınları, 2017, s. 483-503.
  • MEMİŞ, Levent ve GÜÇ, Melikali, “Akıllı Teknolojiler ve Veri Odaklı Kent Yönetimi: Büyükşehir Belediyelerine Yönelik Bir Model Önerisi”, Kamu Yönetimi Forumu 15, Isparta, 2017.
  • MOHENO, Jessica Mendoza, CALZADA, Martín Aubert Hernández ve HERNÁNDEZ, Blanca Cecilia Salazar, “Organizational Challen- ges for Building Smart Cities”, Sustainable Smart Cities: Creating Spaces for Technological, Social and Business Development, Ed. Marta Peris-Ortiz, Dag R. Bennett ve Diana Pérez-Bustamante Yábar, Springer, 2017, s. 89-99.
  • NAM, Taewoo ve PARDO, Theresa A., “Conceptualizing Smart City with Dimensions of Technology, People, and Institutions”, The Pro- ceedings of the 12th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research, web erişim: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/ viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.432.5479&rep=rep1&type=pdf, 15. 11. 2017.
  • NOGRAŠEK, Janja, “Change Management as a Critical Success Factor in e-Government Implementation”, Busıness Systems Research, C: 2, No: 2, 2011, s. 1-56
  • OJO, Adegboyega, CURRY, Edward, JANOWSKI, Tomasz ve DZHU- SUPOVA, Zamira, “Designing Next Generation Smart City Initi- atives: The SCID Framework”, Transforming City Governments for Successful Smart Cities, Ed. Manuel Pedro Rodríguez-Bolívar, Springer, 2015, s. 43-68.
  • OJO, Adegboyega, DZHUSUPOVA, Zamira ve CURRY, Edward, “Explo- ring the Nature of the Smart Cities Research Landscape”, Smarter as the New Urban, Agenda A Comprehensive View of the 21st Century City, Der. J. Ramon Gil-Garcia, Theresa A. Pardo ve Ta- ewoo Nam, Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, 2016, s. 23-48.
  • PASKALEVA, Krassimira, COOPER, Ian, LINDE, Per, PETERSON, Bo ve GÖTZ, Christina, “Stakeholder Engagement in the Smart City: Making Living Labs Work”, Transforming City Governments for Successful Smart Cities, Ed. Manuel Pedro Rodríguez-Bolívar, Springer, 2015, s.115-145.
  • PASKALEVA, Krassimira, EVANS, James, MARTIN, Christopher, LIN- JORDET, Trond, YANG, Dujuan ve KARVONEN, Andrew, “Data Governance in the Sustainable Smart City”, Informatics, C: 4, No: 41, 2017, s. 1-19.
  • PROVAN, K. G. ve KENIS, P., “Modes of Network Governance: Structure, Management, and Effectiveness”, Journal of Public Administrati- on Research and Theory, 18, 2007, s. 229–252.
  • PWC, “From Concept to Applied Solutions Data-Driven Cities”
  • https://www.pwc.ru/en/government-and-public-sector/assets/ddc_eng. pdf, 15. 11. 2017.
  • STEEN, Kris ve BUEREN, Ellen van, “Urban Living Labs: A living lab way of working”, https://www.ams-institute.org/news/out-now-urban- living-labs-a-living-lab-way-of-working/ , 16.03.2018.
  • STIMMEL, Carol L., “Building Smart Cities”, CRC Press, Baco Rotan-Lon- don-New York, 2016.
  • SWEETING, David, “Leadership in Urban Governance: The Mayor of Lon- don”, Local Government Studies, 28, 1, 2002, s. 3-20.
  • TALARI, Saber, SHAFIE-KHAH, Miadreza, SIANO, Pierluigi, LOIA, Vin- cenzo, TOMMASETTI, Aurelio ve CATALAO, Joao P. S., “A Review of Smart Cities Based on the Internet of Things Concept”, Energies, No: 10, 2017, s. 421.
  • The WORLD’S CITIES in 2016, http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/ population/publications/pdf/urbanization/the_worlds_cities_ in_2016_data_booklet.pdf, 30. 11. 2017.
  • VAQUERO-GARCIA, Alberto, ÁLVAREZ-GARCÍA, José ve PERIS-OR- TIZ, Marta, “Urban Models of Sustainable Development from the Economic Perspective: Smart Cities”, Sustainable Smart Cities: Creating Spaces for Technological, Social and Business Develop- ment, Ed. Marta Peris-Ortiz, Dag R. Bennett ve Diana Pérez-Bus- tamante Yábar, Springer, 2017, s. 15-29.
  • VOYTENKO, Yuliya, MCCORMICK, Kes, EVANS, James ve SCHLIWA, Gabriele, “Exploring Urban Living Labs for Sustainability and Low Carbon Cities in Europe”, http://portal.research.lu.se/ws/ files/6405418/8258003.pdf, 16.03.2018.
  • YIU, Chris, “The Big Data Opportunity Making Government Faster, Smarter and More Personal”, Policy Exchange, https://policyexchange.org. uk/publication/the-big-data-opportunity-making-government-fas- ter-smarter-and-more-personal/, 05. 11. 2017.
YASAMA DERGİSİ-Cover
  • ISSN: 1306-6250
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 2006
  • Yayıncı: YASAMA DERNEĞİ
Arşiv
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Dijital Kütüphanelerin Üniversite Akademik Performansına Etkisi: Kamu Yönetimi Disiplini Bağlamında Bir İnceleme

Volkan GÖÇOĞLU, Cenay BABAOĞLU, M Kemal ÖKTEM

Akıllı Teknolojiler, Akıllı Kentler ve Belediyelerde Dönüşüm

Levent MEMİŞ

Dijitalleşmenin Kamu Yönetimi ve Politikaları ile Bu Alanlardaki Araştırmalara Etkileri

Hüseyin GÜL

Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojilerinin Ekonomik Büyüme ve İşsizlik Üzerine Etkisi: Seçilmiş AB Ülkeleri ve Türkiye Örneği

Fındık Özlem ALPER

Postmodern Durum, Teknoloji ve Devlet

Veysel ERAT