İşitsel Olarak Sunulan Malzemenin Hatırlanmasında Hatırlamanın Gecikmesi ve Akustik Benzerliğin Fonolojik Benzerlik ile Etkileşimi

Bu çalışmanın amacı; işitsel olarak sunulan kelime listelerinin fonolojik ve akustik benzer olan ve olmayan koşullarda, hatırlamada üç farklı gecikme türü ile sunulduğunda ortaya çıkan sonuçların incelenmesidir. Kısa süreli bellek ile ilgili literatür Alan Baddeley’nin Çalışma Belleği Modeli, James Nairne’in Özellik Modeli ve Dylan M. Jones, Robert W. Hughes ve William J. Macken’ın Algısal Modeli çerçevesinde özetlenmiştir. Kısa süreli bellek çalışmalarında karşımıza çıkan fonolojik benzerlik etkisi, akustik benzerlik etkisi, modalite etkisi ve hatırlamada gecikme; bu modeller doğrultusunda ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada Uludağ Üniversitesi’nde eğitim görmekte olan 80 öğrencinin katılımıyla, fonolojik ve akustik olarak benzer olan ve olmayan listeler içindeki beş kelime dört farklı koşulda ve üç farklı gecikme süresi ile test edilmiştir. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde; fonolojik benzerlik etkisinin bu çalışmada da geçerli olduğu, benzer olan kelimelerin daha düşük oranda doğru hatırlandığı; kelime sırasının temel etkisinin geçerli olduğu ve listenin başındaki ve sonundaki kelimelerin daha yüksek oranda doğru hatırlandığı ve gecikme süresinin hatırlama performansı üzerinde anlamlı bir etki göstererek gecikme süresinin artmasıyla hatırlama performansının düştüğü gözlemlenmiştir. Fonolojik benzerlik literatürde daha önce kanıtlananın aksine gecikme süresinin artması ile bilinenin aksi yönde etki etmemiştir. Algısal özellikleri ön plana çıkaran modellerin varsaydığı şekilde akustik benzerlik etkisinin hatırlama performansı üzerinde etkisi olmadığı görülmüştür. Sonuçlar ilgili literatür ve özetlenmeye çalışılan modeller doğrultusunda tartışılmış, bundan sonra yapılabilecek çalışmalar için öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Çalışma Belleği, Fonolojik Benzerlik, Akustik Benzerlik, Hatırlamada Gecikme

The Interaction between Phonological Similarity, Acoustic Similarity and Retention Interval under Audiotry Represantation

The aim of this study is to examine the results of the experiment when phonologically and acoustically similar and non-similar word lists of four conditions are presented in three different retention intervals. The relevant literature about short trem memory is summarized within the models of Alan Baddeley’s Working Memory Model, James Nairne’s Feature Model and Dylan M. Jones, Robert W. Hughes, William J. Macken’s Perceptual Model. The effects of phonological similarity, acoustic similarity, modality and retention interval are examined through these models. In the present experiment; phonologically and acoustically similar and non-similar lists of five words are presented in four conditions among three different intervals with the participation of 80 students from Uludag University. After examinig the data it was found that phonological similarity had a main effect as the similar lists were recalled less correctly; serial position had a main effect in terms of recency and primacy; and retention interval had a main effect as the longer the interval gets, the recall performance drops. Phonological similarity proved to be effective as opposed to the findings ine the literature found before. Acoustic similarity had no main effect like theorized as the models that focus the importance on the perceptual features. The results are discussed through the relevant literature and the summarized models and suggestions are made regarding the studies that can be carried out from now on.

Keywords:

Working Memory, Phonological Similarity, Acoustic Similarity, Retention Interval,

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