Safevî Döneminin Bazı Cami ve Medreselerinde Şer'i Öğlen Vaktini Belirleyen Uygulamaların İncelemesi

Müslüman sanatçılar, tarih boyunca kültürel ve dini yapılarını tasarlarken, toplumun ihtiyaçlarına cevap verecek bilimsel çözümler sunmuşlardır. Müslüman bilim insanları ve sanatçılar, özellikle Müslümanların vaktinde dinî görevlerini yerine getirebilmeleri için, ilme ve tabiata uygun olan çözümler üretmişlerdir. Bu bilimsel çözümlerden biri de güneşin konumuna bağlı olan namaz ve şer'i vakitleri tayin etmek için teknikler uygulanması ve bunun için aletler icat edilmesidir. Bu makalede, Safevî Dönemi'ne ait bazı cami ve medreselerdeki şer'i öğlen vaktini belirleyen uygulamalar incelenmiştir. Ulaşılan sonuçlara göre, söz konusu uygulamalar üç gruba ayrılabilmektedir. Birinci grupta yer alanlar, taşınır olarak cami ve medrese binasından ayrıdır. İkinci grupta yer alanlar ise, cami ve medrese binasına eklenmiş olup, bu yapılarda kullanılan malzemelerle uyuşamayan, dekorasyon elemanları olarak kabul edilmeyen unsurlardan ibarettir. Üçüncü grup ise, cami ve medreselerde kullanılan malzemelere uyumlu olmasına rağmen, dekorasyon elemanları olarak kabul edilmeyenleri kapsamaktadır. Bu gruptakilerin dekoratif işlevleri yoktur ve sadece şer'i vakitler ve kıble yönünü belirtmek için kullanılmıştır.

The Survey of the Practices Determining Zuhr Prayer Time in Some of the Safavid Mosques and Madrasas

Throughout history, Muslim artists have offered scientific solutions to meet the needs of society while designing their cultural and religious structures. Muslim scientists and artists have produced solutions that are compatible with science and nature, especially for Muslims to fulfil their religious duties on time. One of these scientific solutions is the application of techniques to determine the prayer and religious times depending on the position of the sun and the invention of tools for this. In this article, the practices determining the Zuhr prayer time (Zuhr time) in some mosques and madrasas belonging to the Safavid Period are examined. According to the results, these applications can be divided into three groups. Those in the first group are movably separate from the mosque and the madrasa building. Those in the second group are added to the mosque and madrasa building and consist of elements that do not match the materials used in these structures and are not considered decoration elements. The third group includes those that are not considered as decoration elements, although they are compatible with the materials used in mosques and madrasas. Those in this group have no decorative function and are only used to indicate the religious times and the direction of qibla.

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