ERKEK İNFERTİLİTESİNDE STRESİN ROLÜ VE UYGULANAN GÜNCEL MELATONİN HORMON TEDAVİLERİNİN ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Psikolojik, fizyolojik, sosyal hatta çevresel kaynaklı nedenlerle canlıda ki homeostatik mekanizmalarda meydana gelen bozulmalar şeklinde tanımlanan stres kavramı üzerinde 17 yüzyıldan bu yana bahsedilmekle birlikte modern yaşamda sıklıkla karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Öyle ki ev, iş yaşamından tutun sokakta, trafikte yaşamın herhangi bir anında strese maruz kalınabilmektedir. Bu durum stresi modern yaşamın bir parçası haline getirmiştir. Yakın birini kaybı, işyeri stresi hatta COVID 19 pandemisinde bireylerin evlerde izole bir şekilde yaşamı gibi herhangi bir durum veya olay da stres kaynağı olabilmektedir. Strese uyaranına karşı canlıda meydana gelen yanıtlar belirli bir düzeye kadar canlının faydasına yöneliktir. Ancak stres uyaranın süresi ve şiddetinin artması durumlarında tüm fizyolojik sistemlerde patolojik durumlar şekillenmektedir. Uzun süreli stres maruziyeti, sperm kalitesi, sperm konsantrasyonu, spermatozoit sayısı, sperm yüzdesi gibi sperm parametrelerinde azalmalara neden olarak erkeklerde infertiliteye yol açabilmektedir. Stresin üreme sistemindeki bu olumsuz etkilerini azaltmak adına çeşitli maddeler araştırılmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalarda melatoninin antioksidan, anti-inflamatuar, anti-apipotik vb. mekanizmalar ile erkek infertilitesinde olumlu etkinlik göstermektedir. Bu derlemede stresin erkek üreme sistemi üzerine etkisi ve melatonin ilişkisi üzerinde bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Erkek infertilitesi, Melatonin, Sperm, Stres

INVESTIGATION OF THE ROLE OF STRESS IN MALE INFERTILITY AND THE EFFECT OF CURRENT MELATONIN HORMONE TREATMENTS

Although stress, defined as the deterioration in homeostatic mechanisms in living things due to psychological, physiological, social, and even environmental reasons, has been mentioned since the 17th century, it is frequently encountered in modern life. So much so that you can be exposed to stress anytime, from home, business life, to the street, in traffic. This situation has made stress a part of modern life. Any situation or event, such as losing a close person, workplace stress, or even living in isolation at home during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, can also be a source of stress. Responses that occur in the organism to the stress stimulus are for the benefit of the organism up to a certain level. However, when the duration and intensity of the stress stimulus increase, pathological conditions occur in all physiological systems. Long-term exposure to stress may cause infertility in men by causing decreases in sperm parameters such as sperm quality, sperm concentration, spermatozoid count, and sperm percentage. Various substances are being researched to reduce these adverse effects of stress on the reproductive system. Studies have shown that melatonin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and so on. It shows positive efficacy in male infertility with various mechanisms. This review it is aimed to give information on the effect of stress on the male reproductive system and the relationship between melatonin.

Keywords:

Male infertility, Melatonin, Sperm, Stress,

PDF

___

Agil, A., Navarro-Alarcón, M., Ruiz, R., Abuhamadah, S., El-Mir, M. Y. & Vázquez, G. F. (2011). Beneficial effects of melatonin on obesity and lipid profile in young Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Journal of Pineal Research, 50 (2), 207–212.
Andersen, L. P., Gögenur, I., Rosenberg, J. & Reiter, R. J. (2016). The safety of melatonin in humans. Clinical Drug Investigation, 36 (3), 169-175.
Asghari, A., Akbari, G., Meghdadi, A. & Mortazavi, P. (2016). Effects of melatonin and metformin co-administration on testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Journal of Pediatric Urology, 12 (6), 410.e1–410.e7.
Ashrafi, I., Kohram, H., Naijian, H., Bahreini, M. & Poorhamdollah M. (2011). Protective effect of melatonin on sperm motility parameters on liquid storage of ram semen at 5 °C. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10 (34), 6670–6674.
Atasoy, Ö. B. & Erbaş, O. (2017). Physiological effects of melatonin hormone. Istanbul Bilim University Florence Nightingale Journal of Medicine, 3 (1), 52-62.
Awad, H., Halawa, F., Mostafa, T. & Atta, H. (2006). Melatonin hormone profile in infertile males. International Journal of Andrology, 29 (3), 409–413.
Azawi, O. I., Al-Khashab, A. N. T. M. & Al-Kadoo, N. N. (2012). Effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatment on semen characteristics and enzymatic activities of Awassi rams in breeding and non-breeding seasons. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 2 (1), 13–19.
Baburski, A. Z., Sokanovic, S. J., Janjic, M. M., Stojkov-Mimic, N. J., Bjelic, M. M., Andric, S. A. & Kostic, T. S. (2015). Melatonin replacement restores the circadian behavior in adult rat Leydig cells after pinealectomy. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 413, 26–35.
Bandyopadhyay, D., Biswas, K., Bandyopadhyay, U., Reiter, R. J. & Banerjee, R. K. (2000). melatonin protects against stress-induced gastric lesions by scavenging the hydroxyl radical. Journal of Pineal Research, 29 (3), 143–151.
Bu, S., Wang, Q., Sun, J., Li, X., Gu, T. & Lai, D. (2020). Melatonin suppresses chronic restraint stress-mediated metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer via NE/AKT/β-catenin/SLUG axis. Cell Death & Disease, 11 (8), 644.
Bulduk, O. & Cengiz, N. (2015). Morphological overview of infertility: Sperm head defects and fertilization. Medical Journal of Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, 2 (2), 78-87.
Cebrián-Pérez, J. A., Casao, A., González-Arto, M., dos Santos Hamilton, T. R., Pérez-Pé, R. & Muiño-Blanco, T. (2014). Melatonin in sperm biology: breaking paradigms. Reproduction in Domestic Animals = Zuchthygiene, 49 (4), 11–21.
Chabra, A., Shokrzadeh, M., Naghshvar, F., Salehi, F. & Ahmadi, A. (2014). Melatonin ameliorates oxidative stress and reproductive toxicity induced by cyclophosphamide in male mice. Human & Experimental Toxicology, 33 (2), 185–195.
Claustrat, B. & Leston, J. (2015). Melatonin: Physiological effects in humans. Neuro-chirurgie, 61 (2-3), 77–84.
Corradi, P. F., Corradi, R. B. & Greene, L. W. (2016). Physiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis in the male. The Urologic Clinics of North America, 43 (2), 151–162.
Darbandi, M., Darbandi, S., Agarwal, A., Sengupta, P., Durairajanayagam, D., Henkel, R. & Sadeghi, M. R. (2018). Reactive oxygen species and male reproductive hormones. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology : RB&E, 16 (1), 87.
De Kretser, D. M., Loveland, K. L., Meinhardt, A., Simorangkir, D. & Wreford, N. (1998). Spermatogenesis. Human Reproduction (Oxford, England), 13 (1), 1–8.
Deng, C. C., Zhang, J. P., Huo, Y. N., Xue, H. Y., Wang, W., Zhang, J. J. & Wang, X. Z. (2022). Melatonin alleviates the heat stress-induced impairment of Sertoli cells by reprogramming glucose metabolism. Journal of Pineal Research, 73 (3), e12819.
Díez-Torre, A., Silván, U., Moreno, P., Gumucio, J. & Aréchaga, J. (2011). Peritubular myoid cell-derived factors and their potential role in the progression of testicular germ cell tumors. International Journal of Andrology, 34 (4-2), 252–265.
Dragojevic Dikic, S., Jovanovic, A. M., Dikic, S., Jovanovic, T., Jurisic, A. & Dobrosavljevic, A. (2015). Melatonin: a "Higgs boson" in human reproduction. Gynecological endocrinology: The official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology, 31 (2), 92–101.
Du Plessis, S. S., Hagenaar, K. & Lampiao, F. (2010). The in vitro effects of melatonin on human sperm function and its scavenging activities on NO and ROS. Andrologia, 42 (2), 112–116.
Durairajanayagam D. (2018). Lifestyle causes of male infertility. Arab Journal of Urology, 16 (1), 10–20.
Edmonds, K. E. & Stetson, M. H. (1994). Photoperiod and melatonin affect testicular growth in the marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris). Journal of Pineal Research, 17 (2), 86–93.
Edmonds, K. E. & Stetson, M. H. (1995). The pineal gland and melatonin affect testicular status in the adult marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris). General and Comparative Endocrinology, 99 (3), 265–274.
Espino, J., Ortiz, Á., Bejarano, I., Lozano, G. M., Monllor, F., García, J. F., Rodríguez, A. B. & Pariente, J. A. (2011). Melatonin protects human spermatozoa from apoptosis via melatonin receptor- and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-mediated pathways. Fertility and Sterility, 95 (7), 2290–2296.
Forger, N. G. & Zucker, I. (1985). Photoperiodic regulation of reproductive development in male white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) born at different phases of the breeding season. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 73 (1), 271–278.
Frungieri, M. B., Calandra, R. S. & Rossi, S. P. (2017). Local Actions of Melatonin in Somatic Cells of the Testis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18 (6), 1170.
García, A., Landete-Castillejos, T., Zarazaga, L., Garde, J. & Gallego, L. (2003). Seasonal changes in melatonin concentrations in female Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus). Journal of Pineal Research, 34 (3), 161–166. Glass, J. D. & Knotts, L. K. (1987). A brain site for the anti gonadal action of melatonin in the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus): involvement of the immunoreactive GnRH neuronal system. Neuroendocrinology, 46 (1), 48–55.
Goossens, E. & Tournaye, H. (2006). Testicular stem cells. Seminars in Reproductive Medicine, 24 (5), 370–378.
Griffin, D. K., Ellis, P. J., Dunmore, B., Bauer, J., Abel, M. H. & Affara, N. A. (2010). Transcriptional profiling of luteinizing hormone receptor-deficient mice before and after testosterone treatment provides insight into the hormonal control of postnatal testicular development and Leydig cell differentiation. Biology of Reproduction, 82 (6), 1139–1150.
Guazzone, V. A., Jacobo, P., Theas, M. S. & Lustig, L. (2009). Cytokines and chemokines in testicular inflammation: A brief review. Microscopy Research and Technique, 72 (8), 620–628.
Guo, Y., Chen, H., Wang, Q. J., Qi, X., Li, Q., Fu, W., Huang, J., Yao, C. Y., Liu, Z. Y., Wang, M. Z., An, L., Tian, J. H. & Wu, Z. H. (2021). Prolonged melatonin treatment promotes testicular recovery by enhancing RAC1-mediated apoptotic cell clearance and cell junction-dependent spermatogenesis after heat stress. Theriogenology, 162, 22–31.
Guo, Y., Sun, J., Li, T., Zhang, Q., Bu, S., Wang, Q. & Lai, D. (2017). Melatonin ameliorates restraint stress-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in testicular cells via NF-κB/iNOS and Nrf2/ HO-1 signaling pathway. Scientific Reports, 7 (1), 9599.
Hao, S. L., Ni, F. D. & Yang, W. X. (2019). The dynamics and regulation of chromatin remodeling during spermiogenesis. Gene, 706, 201–210.
Heindel, J. J., Jackson, F. L. & Berkowitz, A. S. (1984). Role of the pineal in the alteration of hamster Sertoli cell responsiveness to FSH during testicular regression. Journal of Andrology, 5 (3), 211–215.
Huleihel, M. & Lunenfeld, E. (2004). Regulation of spermatogenesis by paracrine/autocrine testicular factors. Asian Journal of Andrology, 6 (3), 259–268.
Ilacqua, A., Izzo, G., Emerenziani, G. P., Baldari, C. & Aversa, A. (2018). Lifestyle and fertility: the influence of stress and quality of life on male fertility. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology: RB&E, 16 (1), 115.
Izzo, G., Francesco, A., Ferrara, D., Campitiello, M. R., Serino, I., Minucci, S. & d'Istria, M. (2010). Expression of melatonin (MT1, MT2) and melatonin-related receptors in the adult rat testes and during development. Zygote (Cambridge, England), 18 (3), 257–264.
Jégou B. (1992). The Sertoli cell in vivo and in vitro. Cell Biology and Toxicology, 8 (3), 49–54.
Ji, Y. L., Wang, H., Meng, C., Zhao, X. F., Zhang, C., Zhang, Y., Zhao, M., Chen, Y. H., Meng, X. H. & Xu, D. X. (2012). Melatonin alleviates cadmium-induced cellular stress and germ cell apoptosis in testes. Journal of Pineal Research, 52 (1), 71–79.
Johnston, J. D., Klosen, P., Barrett, P. & Hazlerigg, D. G. (2006). Regulation of MT melatonin receptor expression in the fetal rat pituitary. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 18 (1), 50–56.
Juárez-Rojas, A. L., García-Lorenzana, M., Aragón-Martínez, A., Gómez-Quiroz, L. E. & Retana-Márquez, M. (2015). Intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways are involved in rat testis by cold water immersion-induced acute and chronic stress. Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 61 (4), 211–221.
Kanter M. (2010). Protective effects of melatonin on testicular torsion/detorsion-induced ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Experimental and Molecular Pathology, 89 (3), 314–320.
Kennaway, D. J. & Rowe, S. A. (1997). Controlled-release melatonin implants delay puberty in rats without altering melatonin rhythmicity. Journal of Pineal Research, 22 (3), 107–116.
Kızılay, F. & Altay, B. (2019). Spermatogenesis, spermiogenesis, and clinical reflections. Andrology Bulletin, 21 (4), 177-184.
Koksal, M., Oğuz, E., Baba, F., Eren, M. A., Ciftci, H., Demir, M. E., Kurcer, Z., Take, G., Aral, F., Ocak, A. R., Aksoy, N. & Ulas, T. (2012). Effects of melatonin on testis histology, oxidative stress, and spermatogenesis after experimental testis ischemia-reperfusion in rats. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 16 (5), 582–588.
Konrad, L., Weber, M. A., Groos, S., Albrecht, M. & Aumüller, G. (1998). Paracrine interaction in testicular somatic cells. Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology = Archivio Italiano di Anatomia ed Embriologia, 103 (4-1), 139–152.
Lang, U., Aubert, M. L., Rivest, R. W., Vinas-Bradtke, J. C. & Sizonenko, P. C. (1984). Daily afternoon administration of melatonin does not irreversibly inhibit sexual maturation in the male rat. Endocrinology, 115 (6), 2303–2310.
Lee, K. M., Lee, I. C., Kim, S. H., Moon, C., Park, S. H., Shin, D. H., Kim, S. H., Park, S. C., Kim, H. C. & Kim, J. C. (2012). Melatonin attenuates doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Andrologia, 44 (1), 796–803.
Lenzi, A., Picardo, M., Gandini, L. & Dondero, F. (1996). Lipids of the sperm plasma membrane: from polyunsaturated fatty acids considered as markers of sperm function to possible scavenger therapy. Human Reproduction Update, 2 (3), 246–256.
Li, C., & Zhou, X. (2015). Melatonin and male reproduction. Clinica Chimica Acta; İnternational Journal of Clinical Chemistry, 446, 175–180.
Lin, R., Wang, Z., Cao, J., Gao, T., Dong, Y. & Chen, Y. (2021). Role of melatonin in murine "restraint stress"-induced dysfunction of colonic microbiota. Journal of Microbiology (Seoul, Korea), 59 (5), 500–512.
Lin, R., Wang, Z., Cao, J., Gao, T., Dong, Y. & Chen, Y. (2020). Role of melatonin in intestinal mucosal injury induced by restraint stress in mice. Pharmaceutical Biology, 58 (1), 342–351.
Liu, B., Zhao, L., Yue, C., Qian, M. & Xie, M. (2019). Changes in gonadal function at different stages of chronic restraint stress-induced depression animals. Physiology & Behavior, 210, 112656. Liu, X. Y., Xu, Y. T., Shi, Q., Lu, Q. S., Ma, S. R., Xu, X. Y. & Guo, X. Z. (2013). Alterations of reproductive hormones and receptors of male rats at the winter and summer solstices and the effects of pinealectomy. Neuro Endocrinology Letters, 34 (2), 143–153.
Luboshitzky, R., Shen-Orr, Z., Nave, R., Lavi, S. & Lavie, P. (2002). Melatonin administration alters semen quality in healthy men. Journal of Andrology, 23 (4), 572–578.
Malekinejad, H., Mirzakhani, N., Razi, M., Cheraghi, H., Alizadeh, A. & Dardmeh, F. (2011). Protective effects of melatonin and Glycyrrhiza glabra extract on ochratoxin A-induced damages on testes in mature rats. Human & Experimental Toxicology, 30 (2), 110–123.
Martin, J. E. & Sattler, C. (1982). Selectivity of melatonin pituitary inhibition for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. Neuroendocrinology, 34 (2), 112–116.
Mason, A. O., Duffy, S., Zhao, S., Ubuka, T., Bentley, G. E., Tsutsui, K., Silver, R. & Kriegsfeld, L. J. (2010). Photoperiod and reproductive condition are associated with changes in RFamide-related peptide (RFRP) expression in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Journal of Biological Rhythms, 25 (3), 176–185.
Mehraein, F. & Negahdar, F. (2011). Morphometric evaluation of seminiferous tubules in aged mice testes after melatonin administration. Cell Journal, 13 (1), 1–4.
Meredith, S., Jackson, K., Dudenhoeffer, G., Graham, L., & Epple, J. (2000). Long-term supplementation with melatonin delays reproductive senescence in rats, without an effect on number of primordial follicles. Experimental gerontology, 35(3), 343–352.
Muqbil, I., Fatima, S., Azmi, A. S., Alsharidah, A. S., Khan, S. A., Aljaser, F. & Banu, N. (2020). Restraint stress abates the antioxidant potential of melatonin on dimethyl benz (a) anthracene (DMBA) induced carcinogenesis. Medical Oncology (Northwood, London, England), 37 (10), 96.
Nargund V. H. (2015). Effects of psychological stress on male fertility. Nature Reviews Urology, 12 (7), 373–382.
Neto, F. T., Bach, P. V., Najari, B. B., Li, P. S. & Goldstein, M. (2016). Spermatogenesis in humans and its affecting factors. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, 59, 10–26.
Ng, K. Y., Leong, M. K., Liang, H. & Paxinos, G. (2017). Melatonin receptors: distribution in the mammalian brain and their respective putative functions. Brain Structure & Function, 222 (7), 2921–2939.
Nordkap, L., Jensen, T. K., Hansen, Å. M., Lassen, T. H., Bang, A. K., Joensen, U. N., Blomberg Jensen, M., Skakkebæk, N. E. & Jørgensen, N. (2016). Psychological stress and testicular function: a cross-sectional study of 1,215 Danish men. Fertility and Sterility, 105 (1), 174–87.e872.
Oksay, T., Naziroğlu, M., Doğan, S., Güzel, A., Gümral, N. & Koşar, P. A. (2014). Protective effects of melatonin against oxidative injury in rat testis induced by wireless (2.45 GHz) devices. Andrologia, 46 (1), 65–72.
Parlaktas, B. S., Atilgan, D., Ozyurt, H., Gencten, Y., Akbas, A., Erdemir, F. & Uluocak, N. (2014). The biochemical effects of ischemia-reperfusion injury in the ipsilateral and contralateral testes of rats and the protective role of melatonin. Asian Journal of Andrology, 16 (2), 314–318.
Pieri, C., Marra, M., Moroni, F., Recchioni, R. & Marcheselli, F. (1994). Melatonin: a peroxyl radical scavenger more effective than vitamin E. Life Sciences, 55 (15), 271–276.
Ramadan, T. A., Taha, T. A., Samak, M. A. & Hassan, A. (2009). Effectiveness of exposure to long day followed by melatonin treatment on semen characteristics of Damascus male goats during breeding and non-breeding seasons. Theriogenology, 71 (3), 458–468.
Rashed, R.A., Mohamed, I.K. & Ei-Alfy, S.H. (2010). Effects of two different doses of melatonin on the spermatogenic cells of rat testes: a light and electron microscopic study. Egyptian Journal of Histology, 33, 819–835.
Redins, C. A., Redins, G. M. & Novaes, J. C. (2002). The effects of treatment with melatonin on the ultrastructure of mouse Leydig cells: a quantitative study. Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista Brasleira de Biologia, 62 (3), 517–523.
Reiter, R. J., Rosales-Corral, S. A., Manchester, L. C. & Tan, D. X. (2013). Peripheral reproductive organ health and melatonin: ready for prime time. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 14 (4), 7231–7272.
Reiter R. J. (1998). Melatonin and human reproduction. Annals of Medicine, 30 (1), 103–108.
Reiter R. J. (1991). Pineal melatonin: cell biology of its synthesis and of its physiological interactions. Endocrine Reviews, 12 (2), 151–180.
Sekmenli, T., Gunduz, M., Öztürk, B., Karabağlı, P., Ciftci, I., Tekin, G. & Yılmaz, M. (2017). The effects of melatonin and colchicine on ischemia-reperfusion injury in experimental rat testicular torsion model. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 52 (4), 582–586.
Semercioz, A., Onur, R., Ogras, S. & Orhan, I. (2003). Effects of melatonin on testicular tissue nitric oxide level and antioxidant enzyme activities in experimentally induced left varicocele. Neuro Endocrinology Letters, 24 (1-2), 86–90.
Stojilković, S. S., Chang, J. P., Ngo, D., Tasaka, K., Izumi, S. & Catt, K. J. (1989). Mechanism of action of GnRH: the participation of calcium mobilization and activation of protein kinase C in gonadotropin secretion. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry, 33 (4), 693–703.
Suede, S.H., Malik, A. & Sapra, A. (2021). Histology Spermatogenesis. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL), StatPearls Publishing, 2021,1-6.
Sun, T. C., Li, H. Y., Li, X. Y., Yu, K., Deng, S. L. & Tian, L. (2020). Protective effects of melatonin on male fertility preservation and reproductive system. Cryobiology, 95, 1–8.
Tamarkin, L., Baird, C. J. & Almeida, O. F. (1985). Melatonin: a coordinating signal for mammalian reproduction? Science (New York, N.Y.), 227 (4688), 714–720.
Tan, D. X., Xu, B., Zhou, X. & Reiter, R. J. (2018). Pineal Calcification, Melatonin Production, Aging, Associated Health Consequences and Rejuvenation of the Pineal Gland. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 23 (2), 301.
Tatem, A. J., Beilan, J., Kovac, J. R. & Lipshultz, L. I. (2020). Management of Anabolic Steroid-Induced Infertility: Novel Strategies for Fertility Maintenance and Recovery. The world journal of Men's Health, 38 (2), 141–150.
Ubuka, T., Bentley, G. E., Ukena, K., Wingfield, J. C. & Tsutsui, K. (2005). Melatonin induces the expression of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone in the avian brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102 (8), 3052–3057.
Ubuka, T., Inoue, K., Fukuda, Y., Mizuno, T., Ukena, K., Kriegsfeld, L. J. & Tsutsui, K. (2012). Identification, expression, and physiological functions of Siberian hamster gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone. Endocrinology, 153 (1), 373–385.
Valenti, S., Thellung, S., Florio, T., Giusti, M., Schettini, G. & Giordano, G. (1999). A novel mechanism for the melatonin inhibition of testosterone secretion by rat Leydig cells: reduction of GnRH-induced increase in cytosolic Ca2+. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology, 23 (3), 299–306.
Van Vuuren, R. J., Pitout, M. J., van Aswegen, C. H. & Theron, J. J. (1992). Putative melatonin receptor in human spermatozoa. Clinical Biochemistry, 25 (2), 125–127.
Vanecek J. (1999). Inhibitory effect of melatonin on GnRH-induced LH release. Reviews of Reproduction, 4 (2), 67–72.
Wagner, M. S., Wajner, S. M. & Maia, A. L. (2008). The role of thyroid hormone in testicular development and function. The Journal of Endocrinology, 199 (3), 351–365.
Weaver, D. R., Stehle, J. H., Stopa, E. G. & Reppert, S. M. (1993). Melatonin receptors in human hypothalamus and pituitary: implications for circadian and reproductive responses to melatonin. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and Metabolism, 76 (2), 295–301.
Wierman, M. E., Bruder, J. M. & Kepa, J. K. (1995). Regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) gene expression in hypothalamic neuronal cells. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, 15 (1), 79–88.
Wu, C. S., Leu, S. F., Yang, H. Y. & Huang, B. M. (2001). Melatonin inhibits the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and steroidogenesis in MA-10 cells. Journal of Andrology, 22 (2), 245–254.
Yang, Y., Sun, Y., Yi, W., Li, Y., Fan, C., Xin, Z., Jiang, S., Di, S., Qu, Y., Reiter, R. J. & Yi, D. (2014). A review of melatonin as a suitable antioxidant against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and clinical heart diseases. Journal of Pineal Research, 57 (4), 357–366.
Yazawa, H., Sasagawa, I. & Nakada, T. (2000). apoptosis of testicular germ cells induced by exogenous glucocorticoid in rats. Human Reproduction (Oxford, England), 15 (9), 1917–1920.
Yie, S. M., Daya, S., Brown, G. M., Deys, L. & YoungLai, E. V. (1991). Melatonin and aromatase stimulating activity of human seminal plasma. Andrologia, 23 (3), 227–231.
Yong, W., Ma, H., Na, M., Gao, T., Zhang, Y., Hao, L., Yu, H., Yang, H. & Deng, X. (2021). Roles of melatonin in the field of reproductive medicine. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 144, 112001.
Yu, K., Deng, S. L., Sun, T. C., Li, Y. Y. & Liu, Y. X. (2018). Melatonin Regulates the Synthesis of Steroid Hormones on Male Reproduction: A Review. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 23 (2), 447.
Zaneveld, L. J., De Jonge, C. J., Anderson, R. A. & Mack, S. R. (1991). Human sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction. Human Reproduction (Oxford, England), 6 (9), 1265–1274.
Zhang, H., Wei, M., Sun, N., Wang, H. & Fan, H. (2022). Melatonin attenuates chronic stress-induced hippocampal inflammatory response and apoptosis by inhibiting ADAM17/TNF-α axis. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 169, 113441.
Zhang, K., Lv, Z., Jia, X. & Huang, D. (2012). Melatonin prevents testicular damage in hyperlipidaemic mice. Andrologia, 44 (4), 230–236.
Zhao, F., Whiting, S., Lambourne, S., Aitken, R. J. & Sun, Y. P. (2021). Melatonin alleviates heat stress-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in human spermatozoa. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 164, 410–416.
Zhou, R., Wu, J., Liu, B., Jiang, Y., Chen, W., Li, J., He, Q. & He, Z. (2019). The roles and mechanisms of Leydig cells and myoid cells in regulating spermatogenesis. Cellular and molecular life sciences: CMLS, 76 (14), 2681–2695.
Zou, P., Sun, L., Chen, Q., Zhang, G., Yang, W., Zeng, Y., Zhou, N., Li, Y., Liu, J., Ao, L., Cao, J. & Yang, H. (2019). Social support modifies an association between work stress and semen quality: Results from 384 Chinese male workers. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 117, 65–70.
Zou, P., Wang, X., Sun, L., Chen, Q., Yang, H., Zhou, N., Chen, H., Zhang, G., Ling, X., Wang, Z., Gao, J., Mo, M., Huang, L., Peng, K., Chen, S., Cui, Z., Liu, J., Ao, L. & Cao, J. (2018). Semen Quality in Chinese College Students: Associations With Depression and Physical Activity in a Cross-Sectional Study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 80 (6), 564–572.

Veteriner Farmakoloji ve Toksikoloji Derneği Bülteni-Cover

Başlangıç: 2010
Yayıncı: Veteriner Farmakoloji ve Toksikoloji Derneği

Arşiv