Bazı Viral Enfeksiyonlarda Melatoninin Etkileri
Melatonin, pineal bezden salınan ve sentezlenmesi için primer olarak karanlığa bağımlı olan önemli bir hormondur. Melatoninin kardiyak ritmin düzenlenmesi, immunregülasyon mekanizmaları, serbest radikal süpürücülüğü, antioksidan fonksiyonlar, onkostatik olaylar, reprodüktif fonksiyonların kontrolü, duyguların düzenlenmesi ve uyku gibi organizmanın birçok fonksiyonunda rol oynadığı da yapılan çalışmalarla birçok kez ortaya konmuştur. Melatoninin organizmadaki önemli etkilerinden birisi de immun sistem üzerine olan etkisidir. Melatonin, immun sistem hücrelerini doğrudan ya da dolaylı yollarla aktive eder, apoptozisi düzenler ve güçlü bir antioksidandır. Bu çalışmada melatoninin immun sistem fonksiyonları üzerindeki etkileri yanı sıra, Venezuelan Equine Encefalitis, Batı Nil Virusu, Semliki Forest Virus, Retroviruslar, Respiratuar Sinsityal Virus ve Vizonların Aleutian Hastalığı gibi bazı viral enfeksiyonların tedavisinde ya tek başına yada diğer ilaçlarla birlikte kombine edilerek kullanıldığı çalışmalar ile ilgili veriler derlenmiştir. Bu çalışmalarda melatoninin vücuttaki virus miktarını azalttığı, ölüm oranını düşürdüğü, viral enfeksiyonlar sırasında oluşan oksidatif stres kaynaklı hasarları azaltarak semptomları hafiflettiği bildirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, viral enfeksiyonların tedavileri sırasında yaşanan çaresizlikler dikkate alındığında, elde edilen bu verilere de dayanılarak melatoninin birçok viral enfeksiyonun tedavisinde destekleyici tedavi seçeneği olabileceği akılda bulundurulmalıdır.
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Melatonin is an important hormone released by pineal gland that its synthesis is primarily dependent on the darkness. Melatonin has many functions in the organism, such as the regulation of cardiac rhythm, immunoregulatory mechanisms, free-‐radical scavenger, antioxidant functions, oncostatic actions, control of reproductive functions, regulation of emotions, and sleep. Also, one of the major effects of melatonin identified is the activation of immune system cells either directly or indirectly, along with being a modulator of apoptosis and a potent antioxidant. In this study, data collected on the effects of melatonin upon the immune system functions as well as the studies regarding the treatment options when it is combined with other drugs to combat with some viral infections like Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis, West Nile Virus, Selmiki Forest Virus, Retrovirus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Mink Aleutian Virus were reviewed. In these studies, it has been reported that melatonin was lowered the amount of the virus, reduced the infection mortality rate and alleviate the symptoms of the viral infections due to the effects of oxidative stress. As a result, one should keep in mind that melatonin could be a supportive therapy option during the treatment of viral infections. Key words: Melatonin, Viral infections.
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