Bilişim Teknolojilerinde Blok Zincir ve Kuantum Hesaplamanın Ortak Geleceği: Kuantum Blok Zinciri

Bitcoin, Ehtereum ve diğer kripto para birimleri blok zinciri teknolojisi üzerinde geliştirilmektedir. Bu teknoloji üzerinde veriler şifrelenerek parçalara bölünür ve bu şifreleme finansal işlemlerde kullanılır. Şifreleme algoritmalarının daha hızlı çalışması için kuantum hesaplama bir alternatif olarak sunulmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, kuantum hesaplamanın varlığı söz konusu olduğunda kuantum bilgisayarlara ve kuantum programlamaya daha fazla ilgi duyulmaktadır. Kuantum bilgisayarlar, günümüz klasik bilgisayarlara kıyasla algoritmaları daha güçlü ve hızlı bir şekilde çözümlemektedir. Sorun şu ki, kuantum hesaplama gelecekte kripto para piyasasında kullanılırsa, blok zinciri üzerinde tüm işlemler hem hızlı bir şekilde sürdürülebilecek hem de güvenlik tehditlerine ve sahteciliklere karşı savunmasız kalacaktır. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle blok zincir ve kuantum hesaplama hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Kuantum bilgisayarların kripto para ve blok zinciri teknolojilerinin üzerindeki gelecek etkisi tartışılmış ve kuantum blok zinciri kavramından bahsedilmiştir. Aynı zamanda, kuantum hesaplamanın blok zincir üzerindeki olası olumlu – olumsuz etkilerinden söz edilmiştir. Son olarak yazılım endüstrisinin kriptografi alanı için tehdit olarak gördüğü kuantum hesaplama hakkındaki girişimlerinden bahsedilmiştir. Söz konusu çalışmanın Türkçe literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Blok Zinciri, Kripto Para, Kuantum Blok Zinciri, Kuantum Hesaplama, Kuantum Programlama.

Common Future of Blockchain and Quantum Computing in Information Technologies: Quantum Blockchain

Bitcoin, Ethereum and other cryptocurrencies are developed on blockchain technology. On this technology, data is encrypted and divided into parts, and this encryption is used in financial transactions. Quantum computing is offered as an alternative for encryption algorithms to work faster. However, there is more interest in quantum computers and quantum programming when it comes to the existence of quantum computing. Quantum computers analyze algorithms more powerfully and faster than today's classical computers. The problem is that if quantum computing is used in the cryptocurrency market in the future, all transactions on the blockchain will both be able to resume quickly and be vulnerable to security threats and fraud. In this study, first of all, information about blockchain and quantum computing is given. The future impact of quantum computers on crypto money and blockchain technologies is discussed and the concept of quantum blockchain is mentioned. At the same time, the possible positive and negative effects of quantum computing on the blockchain were mentioned. Finally, the software industry's attempts on quantum computing, which is seen as a threat to the field of cryptography, are mentioned. It is thought that this study will contribute to the Turkish literature.

Keywords:

Blockchain, Cryptocurrency Quantum Blockchain, Quantum Computing, Quantum Programming.,

PDF

___

[1] Quantum Computing and Blockchain: What You Need to Know https://supraoracles.com/academy/quantum-computing-and-blockchain-what-you-need-to-know/ (11.03.2022).
[2] Rodenburg, Brandon, And Stephen P. Pappas. Blockchain And Quantum Computing. The Mıtre Corporation, 2017.
[3] Ikeda, Kazuki. "Security And Privacy Of Blockchain And Quantum Computation." Advances İn Computers. Vol. 111. Elsevier, 2018. 199-228.
[4] Kiktenko, Evgeniy O., Et Al. "Quantum-Secured Blockchain." Quantum Science And Technology 3.3 (2018): 035004.
[5] Gao, Yu-Long, Et Al. "A Secure Cryptocurrency Scheme Based On Post-Quantum Blockchain." Ieee Access 6 (2018): 27205-27213.
[6] Li, Chuntang, Et Al. "Quantum Blockchain: A Decentralized, Encrypted And Distributed Database Based On Quantum Mechanics." Journal Of Quantum Computing 1.2 (2019): 49.
[7] Grassl, Markus, Et Al. "Applying Grover’s Algorithm To Aes: Quantum Resource Estimates." Post-Quantum Cryptography. Springer, Cham, 2016.
[8] Yimsiriwattana, Anocha, And Samuel J. Lomonaco Jr. "Distributed Quantum Computing: A Distributed Shor Algorithm." Quantum Information And Computation Iı. Vol. 5436. Spıe, 2004.
[9] Fernandez-Carames, Tiago M., And Paula Fraga-Lamas. "Towards Post-Quantum Blockchain: A Review On Blockchain Cryptography Resistant To Quantum Computing Attacks." Ieee Access 8 (2020): 21091-21116.
[10] Alghamdi, Sarah, And Sultan Almuhammadi. "The Future Of Cryptocurrency Blockchains İn The Quantum Era." 2021 Ieee International Conference On Blockchain (Blockchain). Ieee, 2021.
[11] Srivastava, Tanya, Et Al. "Integration Of Quantum Computing And Blockchain Technology: A Cryptographic Perspective." Multimedia Technologies İn The Internet Of Things Environment, Volume 3. Springer, Singapore, 2022. 197-228.
[12] Kiayias, Aggelos, and Dionysis Zindros. "Proof-of-work sidechains." International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security. Springer, Cham, 2019.
[13] Gaži, Peter, Aggelos Kiayias, and Dionysis Zindros. "Proof-of-stake sidechains." 2019 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP). IEEE, 2019.
[14] Sriman, B., S. Ganesh Kumar, And P. Shamili. "Blockchain Technology: Consensus Protocol Proof Of Work And Proof Of Stake." Intelligent Computing And Applications. Springer, Singapore, 2021. 395-406.
[15] Şafak, Emre, Et Al. "Dağıtık Defter Teknolojileri Ve Uygulama Alanları Üzerine Bir İnceleme." Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi 29 (2021): 36-45.
[16] Meraklı, Serkan. "Merkeziyetsiz Finans (Defi) Faaliyetlerinin İzinsiz Bankacılık Faaliyetinde Bulunma Suçu Bakımından Değerlendirilmesi." Marmara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Hukuk Araştırmaları Dergisi 27.2 (2021): 1156-1190.
[17] Friedman, Jonathan R., Et Al. "Quantum Superposition Of Distinct Macroscopic States." Nature 406.6791 (2000): 43-46.
[18] Horodecki, Ryszard, Et Al. "Quantum Entanglement." Reviews Of Modern Physics 81.2 (2009): 865.
[19] Steane, Andrew. "Quantum Computing." Reports On Progress İn Physics 61.2 (1998): 117.
[20] Chapman, Shira, And Giuseppe Policastro. "Quantum Computational Complexity From Quantum İnformation To Black Holes And Back." The European Physical Journal C 82.2 (2022): 1-40.
[21] Kripto Minting (Basma) vs. Mining (Madencilik): Fark nedir? https://phemex.com/tr/blogs/kripto-minting-vs-mining-fark-nedir (22.06.2022)
[22] Gao, Yu-Long, et al. "A novel quantum blockchain scheme base on quantum entanglement and DPoS." Quantum Information Processing 19.12 (2020): 1-15.
[23] Sun, Xin, Piotr Kulicki, and Mirek Sopek. "Lottery and auction on quantum blockchain." Entropy 22.12 (2020): 1377.
[24] Forecast size of the quantum computing market worldwide in 2020 and 2027 https://www.statista.com/statistics/1067216/global-quantum-computing-revenues/ (03.02.2022)
[25] Castelvecchi, Davide. "The Race To Save The Internet From Quantum Hackers." (2022): 198-201.
[26] Blockchain Vs. Quantum Computing: Is Quantum Computing The Biggest Threat To Crypto? https://www.blockchain-council.org/blockchain/blockchain-vs-quantum-computing-is-quantum-computing-the-biggest-threat-to-crypto/ (08.12.2021)
[27] YÜCELEN, Aziz Mahmut, Abdullah BAYKAL, and Cengiz COŞKUN. "Kriptolojide eliptik eğri algoritmasının uygulanması." Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Dergisi 8.3 (2017): 503-513.
[28] Proos, John, And Christof Zalka. "Shor's Discrete Logarithm Quantum Algorithm For Elliptic Curves." Arxiv Preprint Quant-Ph/0301141 (2003)
[29] Cheung, Donny, Et Al. "On The Design And Optimization Of A Quantum Polynomial-Time Attack On Elliptic Curve Cryptography." Workshop On Quantum Computation, Communication, And Cryptography. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008.
[30] Is Bitcoin Safe from Shor’s Algorithm or Grover’s Algorithm? https://www.insidequantumtechnology.com/news-archive/is-bitcoin-safe-from-shors-algorithm-or-grovers-algorithm/ (29.07.2021)
[31] P. Waterland, “Quantum Resistant Ledger (Qrl),” Qrl Tech. Rep. 1 Oct. 2016. [Online]. Available: Https://Github.Com/Theqrl/Whitepaper/Blob/Master/ Qrl_Whitepaper.Pdf
[32] Scarani, Valerio, et al. "The security of practical quantum key distribution." Reviews of modern physics 81.3 (2009): 1301.
[33] Jayaraman, Ramkumar, And Manoj Kumar. "Quantum Cryptography And Quantum Key Distribution." Holistic Approach To Quantum Cryptography İn Cyber Security. Crc Press 179-192.
[34] Ahn, Jongmin, Et Al. "Toward Quantum Secured Distributed Energy Resources: Adoption Of Post-Quantum Cryptography (Pqc) And Quantum Key Distribution (Qkd)." Energies 15.3 (2022): 714.
[35] Upadhyay, Gaurav, And Manisha J. Nene. "One Time Pad Generation Using Quantum Superposition States." 2016 Ieee International Conference On Recent Trends İn Electronics, Information & Communication Technology (Rteıct). Ieee, 2016.
[36] Vujičić, Dejan, Dijana Jagodić, And Siniša Ranđić. "Blockchain Technology, Bitcoin, And Ethereum: A Brief Overview." 2018 17th İnternational Symposium İnfoteh-Jahorina (İnfoteh). Ieee, 2018.
[37] Bos, Joppe W., Et Al. "Elliptic Curve Cryptography İn Practice." International Conference On Financial Cryptography And Data Security. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2014.
[38] Yoshida, Hirotaka, and Alex Biryukov. "Analysis of a SHA-256 variant." International Workshop on Selected Areas in Cryptography. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2005.
[39] Alghamdi, Sarah, And Sultan Almuhammadi. "The Future Of Cryptocurrency Blockchains İn The Quantum Era." 2021 Ieee International Conference On Blockchain (Blockchain). Ieee, 2021.
[40] Seo, William Yunsoo. "Comparing Rsa Ecc And Post Quantum Cryptography." J. Math. Anal. Appl. 10 (2018): 19-33.
[41] Milanov, Evgeny. "The RSA algorithm." RSA laboratories (2009): 1-11.
[42] Elliptic-Curve Cryptography. Grayblock. Https://Medium.Com/Coinmonks/Elliptic-Curve-Cryptography-6de8fc748b8b. (2018, Haziran)
[43] Zhao, Yi, et al. "Quantum hacking: Experimental demonstration of time-shift attack against practical quantum-key-distribution systems." Physical Review A 78.4 (2008): 042333.
[44] Quantum Computing With AI and Blockchain In 2022: The Future of IT - https://www.simplilearn.com/ai-and-blockchain-with-quantum-computing-article (07.07.2022)
[45] Cachin, Christian. "Architecture of the hyperledger blockchain fabric." Workshop on distributed cryptocurrencies and consensus ledgers. Vol. 310. No. 4. 2016.
[46] Quantum Resistant Ledger - https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/quantum-resistant-ledger/ (2022, Aralık)
[47] Anhao, Noah. "Bitcoin post-quantum." (2018).