Özgül Fobi ve Sınav Kaygısı Olan Ergenlerde EMDR Terapinin Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Bu araştırma özgül fobiye ve sınav kaygısına sahip 15-17 yaş arası bireyler üzerinde EMDR terapisinin etkisinin incelenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada veriler, “DSM-5 11-17 yaş Çocuk Özgül Fobi Ölçeği”, “Demografik Bilgi Formu”, “Sınav Kaygısı Ölçeği” kullanılarak Şubat 2022-Temmuz 2022 yılı tarihleri arasında Antalya’da ikamet eden ve bir danışmanlık merkezine tedavi amacıyla gelen 31 ergen üzerinden edinilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları SPSS 25.0 paket programında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada, EMDR terapisi alan sınav kaygılı ergenlerin, sınav kaygısı alt boyut ve toplam puanları ve özgül fobisi olan ergenlerin toplam özgül fobi puanları, ön test ve son test olarak karşılaştırılmıştır. 5 oturumluk EMDR terapisinin sonucunda, sınav kaygısı alt boyut puanları ve toplam puanları ile özgül fobi toplam puanlarının, önemli ölçüde azaldığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, özgül fobisi ve sınav kaygısı olan ergenler üzerinde, EMDR terapisi olumlu sonuçlar vermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

EMDR, Özgül Fobi, Sınav Kaygısı, Ergenlik Dönemi

Examination of the Effect of EMDR Therapy in Adolescents with Specific Phobia and Test Anxiety

This research is about the investigation of the Effect of EMDR Therapy on Adolescents between 15-17 years of age with Specific Phobia and Test Anxiety. The first hypothesis of the study is that “Adolescents who are treated with EMDR therapy will significantly decrease their fear scores of the phobia object (delusion, affective and total).” The second hypothesis is that "Sub-score and total test anxiety scores of adolescents who receive EMDR therapy will decrease significantly." The data on this research, collected by using Demographic Information Form, Test anxiety Inventory, DSM-5 Specific Phobia Scale for 11-17 Year-Old Children; through 31 adolescents living in Antalya (Turkey) and visiting the counselling centre for treatment between February 2022 and July 2022. Data were obtained and analysed in SPSS 25.0 package program. In the study, test anxiety sub-scale and total scores of adolescents who is receiving EMDR therapy with test anxiety, also total specific phobia scores of adolescents with specific phobia were compared as pre-test and post-test. As a result of the 5-session EMDR therapy, it was concluded that test anxiety sub-scale scores and total scores as well as specific phobia total scores decreased significantly in post-test measurement. Based on the research findings, it was considered that EMDR therapy gives positive results on adolescents with specific phobia and test anxiety.

Keywords:

EMDR, Specific Phobia, Test Anxiety, Adolescence Period,

PDF

___

Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği,. Ruhsal Bozukluklarının Tanısal ve Sayımsal El Kitabı, Beşinci Baskı (DSM-5), Tanı Ölçütleri Başvuru El kitabından Çeviren: Ertuğrul Köroğlu, Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği,2013.
Baeyens, F., Eelen, P., Van den Bergh, O., & Crombez, G., “The content of learning in human evaluative conditioning: Acquired valence is sensitive to US-revaluation." Learning and Motivation 23.2 (1992): 200-224, https://doi.org/10.1016/0023-9690(92)90018-H
Beidel, Deborah C., and Samuel M. Turner. "Comorbidity of test anxiety and other anxiety disorders in children." Journal of abnormal child psychology 16.3 (1988): 275-287, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00913800
Cook-Vienot, Rosemary, and Raymond J. Taylor. "Comparison of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing and biofeedback/stress inoculation training in treating test anxiety." Journal of EMDR Practice and Research 6.2 (2012): 62-72, DOI: 10.1891/1933-3196.6.2.62
Covington, Martin V., and Carol L. Omelich. "" I knew it cold before the exam": A test of the anxiety-blockage hypothesis." Journal of educational psychology 79.4 (1987): 393-400 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.79.4.393
Davranış Bilimleri Enstitüsü, (2015). Mutlu Çocuk Mutlu Öğrenci. DBE Yayınları, İstanbul.
De Jongh, and Erik Ten Broeke. "Treatment of choking phobia by targeting traumatic memories with EMDR: A case study." Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy: An International Journal of Theory and Practice 5.4 (1998): 264-269, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0879(199812)5:4<264::AID-CPP176>3.0.CO;2-M
De Jongh, A., E. Ten Broeke, and M. R. Renssen, "Treatment of specific phobias with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Protocol, empirical status, and conceptual issues." Journal of Anxiety Disorders 13.1-2 (1999): 69-85, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0887-6185(98)00040-1
Distel Marijn vd., "Heritability of self-reported phobic fear." Behavior Genetics 38.1 (2008): 24-33, DOI: 10.1007/s10519-007-9182-z
Emiroğlu, F. N., and Burak Baykara. "Yaygın anksiyete bozukluğu, panik bozukluğu, özgül fobi, sosyal fobi." Çocuk ve Ergen Psikiyatrisi Temel Kitabı. Editörler: F Çuhadaroğlu Çetin ve ark. Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği,2008.
Freud, S. (1909/1955). Analysis of a phobia in a five-year-old boy. In J. Strachey (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. X, pp. 1–149). London: The Hogarth Press
Fyer, Abby J., et al. "Familial transmission of simple phobias and fears: a preliminary report." Archives of general psychiatry 47.3 (1990): 252-256, DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1990.01810150052009
Hembree Ray. "Correlates, causes, effects, and treatment of test anxiety." Review of educational research 58.1 (1988): 47-77.https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543058001047IBM Corp. Released (2017).
IBM Corp. Released, IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. Armonk, (NY: IBM Corp., 2017).
King, vd. "Fears of children and adolescents: A cross‐sectional Australian study using the revised‐fear survey schedule for children." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 30.5 (1989): 775-784, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00789.x
King, vd. "Test anxiety in children and adolescents." Australian Psychologist 26.1 (1991): 25-32, https://doi.org/10.1080/00050069108258829
Lang, P. J. (1968). Fear reduction and fear behavior: Problems in treating a construct. Research in psychotherapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Manav, Faruk. "METABİLİŞ KAVRAMI." Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 1.2 (2011): 105, http://busbed.bingol.edu.tr/en/download/article-file/433582
Maxfield, Louise, and W. T. Melnyk. "Single session treatment of test anxiety with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)." International Journal of Stress Management 7.2 (2000): 87-101, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009580101287
McDonald, Angus S. "The prevalence and effects of test anxiety in school children." Educationalpsychology 21.1(2001):89-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410020019867
Merckelbach, Harald, et al. "The etiology of specific phobias: A review." Clinical Psychology Review 16.4 (1996): 337-361, https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7358(96)00014-1
Mowrer, O. Hobert "On the dual nature of learning—a re-interpretation of" conditioning" and" problem-solving."." Harvard educational review (1947):102-148, https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1950-03076-001
Muris, Peter, vd., "Treating phobic children: effects of EMDR versus exposure." Journal of consulting and clinical psychology 66.1 (1998): 193-198, https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.66.1.193
Naveh-Benjamin, Moshe, Wilbert J. McKeachie, and Yi-Guang Lin. "Two types of test-anxious students: Support for an information processing model." Journal of educational psychology 79.2 (1987):134 https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.79.2.131
Ollendick, Thomas H., Neville J. King, and Peter Muris. "Phobias in children and adolescents: a review." Phobias (2004): 245-302, https://doi.org/10.1002/0470014113.ch5
Öztürk M.O, Uluşahin A. (2011). Ruh Sağlığı ve Bozuklukları. Nobel Tıp Kitapları, Ankara.
Sarason, Irwin G., and Barbara R. Sarason. "Test anxiety." Handbook of social and evaluation anxiety. Springer, Boston, MA, 1990.
Shapiro Francine EMDR: Göz Hareketleri ile Duyarsızlaştırma ve Yeniden İşleme. Temel Prensipler, Protokoller ve Prosedürler. İstanbul: Okyanus Yayınevi,2019.
Suadiye, Yağmur, and Arzu Aydın. "Anksiyete bozukluğu olan ergenlerde bilişsel hatalar." Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi 12.4 (2009): 172-179.Suadiye, Y., Aydın, A. (2009). Anksiyete bozukluğu olan ergenlerde bilişsel hatalar. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 12(4), 172-179.
Stevens, Michael J., and Dan W. Florell. "EMDR as a treatment for test anxiety." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 18.4 (1999): 285-296, https://doi.org/10.2190/FJWQ-HKQQ-UEJW-6VLH
Şermin Yalın Sapmaz vd., "DSM-5'e göre Spesifik Fobi-Çocuk Formu Şiddet Ölçütü'nün Türkçe versiyonunun geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği." Düşünen Adam Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi 31.4 (2018): 340-346, DOI: 10.5350 DAJPN2018310402
Veenman, Marcel VJ, Lieneke Kerseboom, and Cornelie Imthorn. "Test anxiety and metacognitive skillfulness: Availability versus production deficiencies." Anxiety, stress and coping 13.4 (2000): 391-412,https://doi.org/10.1080/10615800008248343
Yavuzer, Haluk. Anne-Baba ve Çocuk. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi,2010.
Yörükoğlu, Atalay. Çocuk Ruh Sağlığı. İstanbul: Özgür Yayınları,2008.
Zeidner, Moshe. Test anxiety: The state of the art.,1998.
Zeidner, Moshe and G. Mathews. (2005). Evaluation anxiety. In Handbook of competence and motivation, 141–163. London: Guildford Press.
Watson, John B., and Rosalie Rayner. "Conditioned emotional reactions." Journal of experimental psychology 3.1 (1920): 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1037/h0069608