Çeşitli İyonlar Eklenmiş NanoHidroksiapatitler: Üretim Yöntemleri, İç Yapı, Mekanik ve Biyouyumluluk Özellikleri Yönlerinden İncelenmesi
Nano hidroksiapatit’in tane boyutlarının kemikte bulunan apatit minerallerine olan yakınlığından dolayı, nano hidroksiapatit üzerinde yapılan araştırmalar giderek büyük önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, hidroksiapatit’in sentezlenme yöntemleri, biyolojik uyumlulukları, iç yapı ve mekanik özellikleri hakkında genel bilgiler verilmiştir. Çeşitli iyonlar eklenerek elde edilen hidroksiapatitlerin özelliklerine bakılarak hangi iyonların nasıl katkılar sağladığı genel olarak incelenmiştir.
Çeşitli İyonlar Eklenmiş NanoHidroksiapatitler: Üretim Yöntemleri, İç Yapı, Mekanik ve Biyouyumluluk Özellikleri Yönlerinden İncelenmesi
Due to the resemblance of grain sizes of nano hydroxyapatite to that of apatite minerals in bone, the researches on nano hydroxyapatite have become to gain great importance. In this study, general information were presented about the synthesis methods, biocompatibility, microstructural and mechanical characteristics of nano-crystalline hydroxyapatite. The characteristics of hydroxyapatite doped with various ions were generally examined, how and which ions contributed to hydroxyapatite was studied.
___
- [1] Kalita, S.J., Bhardwaj, A. ve Bhatt, H.A. (2007). Nanocrystalline calcium
phosphate ceramics in biomedical engineering. Materials Science Engineering
C 27, 441–449.
[2] Fang, Y., Agrawal, D.K., Roy, D.M. ve Roy, R. (1995). Fabrication of
transparent hydroxyapatite ceramics by ambient-pressure sintering. Materials
Letters 23, 147-151.
[3] Ioku, K., Yoshimura, M. ve Somiya, S. (1990). Microstructure and
mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite ceramics with zirconia dispersion
prepared by post-sintering. Biomaterials 11, 57-61.
[4] Li, J., Fartash, B. ve Hermansson, L. (1998). Hydroxyapatite-alumina
composites and bone-bonding. Biomaterials 16, 417-422.
[5] Uematsu, K., Takagi, M., Honda, T., Uchida, N. ve Saito, K. (1989).
Transparent hydroxyapatite prepared by hot isostatic pressing of filter cake.
Journal of the American Ceramic Society 72, 1476-1478.
[6] With, G.D., Dijk, H.J.A.V., Hattu, N. ve Prijs, K. (1981). Preparation,
microstructure and mechanical properties of dense polycrystalline
hydroxyapatite. Journal of Materials Science 16, 1592-1598.
[7] Bhat, S.V. (2002). Biomaterials, Kluwer Academic Publisher, Norwell,
MA, A.B.D., ss.174-195.
[8] Marks, Jr. S.C. ve Hermey, D.C. (1996). The Structure and Development
of Bone, Ed: J.P. Bilezikian, L.G. Raisz, G.A. Rodan, Principles of Bone
Biology, Acedemic Press, San Diego, CA, A.B.D., s. 3.
[9] Keaveny, T.M. ve Hayes, W.C. (1993). Mechanical properties of cortical
and trabecular bone. Bone 7, 285-344.
[10] Park, J.B. (1987). Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Plenum Press,
New York, NY, A.B.D.
[11] Handschin, R.G. ve Stern, W.B. (1995). X-ray diffraction studies on the
lattice perfection of human bone apatite (crista iliaca), Bone 16, 355S-363S.
[12] Holden, J.L., Clement, J.G. ve Phakey, P.P. (1995). Age and temperature
related changes to the ultrastructure and composition of human bone mineral,
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 10, 1400-1409.
[13] Wopenka, B., ve Pasteris, J.D. (2005). A mineralogical perspective on the
apatite in bone, Materials Science and Engineering C 25, 131-143.
[14] Clara, M. Magalhaes, F. ve Williams, P.A. (2007). Apatite Group
Minerals: Solubility and Environmental Remediation, Thermodynamics,
Solubility and Environmental Issues, Ed: T.M. Letcher, Elsevier B.V.
[15] Panteix, P.J., Julien, I., Abelard, P. ve Bernache-Assollant, D. (2008).
Influence of cationic vacancies on the ionic conductivity of oxyapatites,
Journal of the European Ceramic Society 28, 821-828.
[16] Rey, C., Combey, C., Drouet, C., Sfihi, H. ve Barroug, A. (2007).
Physico-chemical properties of nanocrystalline apatites: Implications for
biominerals and biomaterials, Materials Science and Engineering C 27, 198-
205.
[17] Evis, Z. (2006). Al+3 doped nano hydroxyapatites and their sintering
characteristics, Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 114, 1001-1004,
[18] Evis, Z. (2007). Reactions in hydroxylapatite–zirconia composites,
Ceramics International 33, 987-991.
[19] Evis, Z. ve Doremus, R.H. (2007). Hot-pressed
hydroxylapatite/monoclinic zirconia composites with improved mechanical
properties, Journal of Materials Science 42, 2426-2431.
[20] Luo, P. ve Nieh, T.G. (1995). Synthesis of ultrafine hydroxyapatite
particles by a spray dry method, Materials Science and Engineering C 3, 75-
78.
[21] Xu, J.L., Khor, K.A., Dong, Z.L., Gu, Y.W., Kumar, R. ve Cheang, P.
(2004). Preparation and characterization of nano-sized hydroxyapatite
powders produced in a radio frequency (rf) thermal plasma, Materials Science
and Engineering A 374, 101-108.
[22] Kuriakose, T.A., Kalkura, S.N., Palanichamy, M., Arivuoli, D., Dierks,
K., Bocelli, G. ve Betzel, C. (2004). Synthesis of stoichiometric nano
crystalline hydroxyapatite by ethanol-based sol–gel technique at low
temperature, Journal of Crystal Growth 263, 517-523.
[23] Han, Y., Li, S., Wang, X. ve Chen, X. (2004). Synthesis and sintering of
nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite powders by citric acid sol–gel combustion
method, Materials Research Bulletin 39, 25-32.
[24] Shih, W.J., Chen, Y.F., Wang, M.C. ve Hon, M.H. (2004). Crystal growth
and morphology of the nano-sized hydroxyapatite powders synthesized from
CaHPO4·2H2O and CaCO3 by hydrolysis method, Journal of Crystal Growth
270, 211-218.
[25] Sarig, S. ve Kahana, F. (2002). Rapid formation of nanocrystalline
apatite, Journal of Crystal Growth 237, 55–59.
[26] Manuell, C.M., Ferraz, M.P. ve Monteiro, F.J., (2003). Synthesis of
hydroxyapatite and tri calcium phosphate nanoparticles-preliminary studies,
Bioceramics, 15, 240–242.
[27] Evis, Z. ve Doremus, R.H. (2008). Effect of AlF3, CaF2 and MgF2 on hotpressed
hydroxyapatite–nanophase alpha-alumina composites, Materials
Research Bulletin 43, 2643-2651.
[28] Jarcho, M., Bolen, C.H, Thomas, M.B., Bobick, J., Kay, J.F. ve Doremus,
R.H. (1976). Hydroxylapatite synthesis and characterization in dense
polycrystalline form, Journal of Materials Science 11, 2027-2035.
[29] Akao, M., Aoki, H. ve Kato, K. (1981). Mechanical properties of sintered
hydroxyapatite for prosthetic applications, Journal of Materials Science 16,
809-812.
[30] Ruys, A.J., Wei, M., Sorrell, C.C., Dickson, M.R., Brandwood, A., ve
Milthorpe, B.K. (1995). Sintering effects on the strength of hydroxyapatite,
Biomaterials 16, 409-415.
[31] Santos, J.D., Knowles, J.C., Reis, R.L., Monteiro, F.J. ve Hastings, G.W.
(1994). Microstructural characterization of glass-reinforced hydroxyapatite
composites, Biomaterials 15, 5-10.
[32] Ahn, E.S., Gleason, N.J., Nakahira, A. ve Ying, J.Y. (2001).
Nanostructure processing of hydroxyapatite-based bioceramics, Nano Letters
1, 149-153.
[33] Atsala, R. ve Stott, M.J. (2005). First principles investigation of mineral
component of bone: CO3 substitutions in hydroxyapatite, Chemistry of
Materials 17, 4125-4133.
[34] Posner, A.S., Perloff, A. ve Diorio, A.F. 1958. Refinement of the
hydroxyapatite structure, Acta Crystallographica 11, 308-309.
[35] Fleet, M.E. ve Liu, X. (2000). Site preference of rare earth elements in
hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2], Journal of Solid State Chemistry 149, 391-
398.
[36] Ikoma, T., Yamazaki, A., Nakamura, S. ve Akao, M. (1999). Preparation
and structure refinement of monoclinic hydroxyapatite, Journal of Solid State
Chemistry 144, 272-276.
[37] Webster, T.J., Siegel, R.W. ve Bizios, R. (1998). Bioceramics, Ed: R.Z.
LeGeros ve J.P. LeGeros, World Scientific, New York, NY, A.B.D., 11, 273-
276.
[38] Webster, T.J., Siegel, R.W. ve Bizios, R. (1999). Osteoblast adhesion on
nanophase ceramics, Biomaterials 20, 1222-1227.
[39] Webster, T.J., Ergun, C., Doremus, R.H., Siegel, R.W. ve Bizios, R.
(2000). Enhanced functions of osteoblasts on nanophase ceramics,
Biomaterials 21, 803-1810.
[40] Kim, T.N., Feng, Q.L., Kim, J.O., Wu, J., Wang, H., Chen, G.C. ve Cui,
F.Z. (1998). Antimicrobial effects of metal ions (Ag+, Cu2+, Zn2+) in
hydroxyapatite, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 9, 129-
134.
[41] Yang, H., Zhang, L. ve Xu, K.-W. (2009). Effect of storing on the
microstructure of Ag/Cu/HA powder, Ceramics International 35, 1595-1601.
[42] Narasaraju, T.S.B. ve Phebe, D.E. (1996). Some physico-chemical
aspects of hydroxylapatite, Journal of Materials Science 31, 1-21.
[43] Ergun, C., Webster, T.J., Bizios, R. ve Doremus, R.H. (2002).
Hydroxylapatite with substituted magnesium, zinc, cadmium, and yttrium. I.
Structure and microstructure, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 59,
305-311.
[44] Kim, S.R., Lee, J.H., Kim, Y.T., Riu, D.H., Jung, S.J., Lee, Y.J., Chung,
S.C. ve Kim, Y.H. (2003). Synthesis of Si, Mg substituted hydroxyapatites
and their sintering behaviors, Biomaterials, 24, 389–1398.
[45] Webster, T.J., Massa-Schlueter, E.A., Smith, J.L. ve Slamovich, E.B.
(2004). Osteoblast response to hydroxyapatite doped with divalent and
trivalent cations, Biomaterials 25, 2111-2121.
[46] Kannan, S., Rebelo, A. ve Ferreira, J.M.F. (2006). Novel synthesis and
structural characterization of fluorine and chlorine co-substituted
hydroxyapatites, Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 100, 1692-1697.
[47] Kalita, S.J. ve Bhatt, H.A. (2007). Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite doped
with magnesium and zinc: synthesis and characterization, Materials Science
and Engineering C 27, 837-848.
[48] Chen, Y. ve Miao, X. (2004). Effect of fluorine addition on the corrosion
resistance of hydroxyapatite ceramics, Ceramics International 30, 1961-1965.