TÜRKİYE-BİRLEŞİK ARAP EMİRLİKLERİ İLİŞKİLERİ

Türkiye-BAE ilişkileri 1970’lerden itibaren yükselen bir seyir izlemiştir. Özellikle 2000’li yıllarda iki ülke arasındaki ticari ilişkiler önemli ölçüde gelişmiştir. Ancak Arap Baharı süreci ile beraber bölgesel rekabet ön plana geçmiş, iki ülke Mısır, Suriye, Libya, Somali ve diğer Ortadoğu ülkelerinde karşı karşıya gelmişlerdir. Günümüzde Türkiye ve BAE, bu ülkelerde farklı askeri/siyasi grupları destekleyerek nüfuzunu artırmaya ve siyasi/ticari kazanımlar elde etmeye çalışmaktadırlar. Bu çalışmada yaşanan bu sürecin dinamikleri ve iki ülkenin dış politikasında gelişen çıkar farklılıkları tarihsel analiz yöntemi ile incelenmiştir.

___

  • Akyıldız, A. ve Kurşun, Z. (2014) “Osmanlı Arap Coğrafyası ve Avrupa Emperyalizmi”, İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları. Al Kasem, B. (2019) “UAE lobby group calls on US senators to impose Turkey sanctions”, Al Jazeera: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/12/uae-lobby-group-calls-senators-impose-turkey-sanctions-191217074943261.html, (25.12.2019). Almezaini, K. (2012)“The UAE and Foreign Policy: Foreign aid, idenitites and interests”, Oxon: Routledge. Aydın, M. ve Aras, D. (2004) “Ortadoğu’da Ekonomik İlişkilerin Siyasi Çerçevesi; Türkiye’nin İran, Irak ve Suriye ile Bağlantıları”, Uluslararası İlişkiler, 1(2): 103-128. Aykan, M. (1996) “Turkish Perspectives on Turkish-US Relations concerning Persian Gulf Security in the Post-Cold War Era: 1989-1995”, Middle East Journal, 50(3): 344-358. Bahgat, G. (2008) “Security in the Persian Gulf: Perils and Opportunities”, Contemporary Security Policy, 29(2): 303-321 Barnett, M. ve Gause, F. G. (1998) “Caravans in Opposite Directions: Society, State and Development of a Community in the Gulf Cooperation Council”, Security Communities, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press:161-198. Bergman, R. and Kirkpatrick, D.D. (2019) “With Guns, Cash and Terrorism, Gulf States Vie for Power in Somalia”, The New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/22/world/africa/somalia-qatar-uae.html, (15.09.2019). Browning, N. (2015) “Saudi Arabia announces 34-state Islamic military alliance against terrorism”, Reuters: http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-saudi-security/saudi-arabia-announces-34-state-islamic-military-alliance-against-terrorism-idUKKBN0TX2LN20151214 (10.09.2017). CENTCOM, https://www.centcom.mil/ABOUT-US/HISTORY/, (17.08.2019). Delalande, A. (2019) “How Libya's skies became battleground for UAE-Turkey proxy war”, Middle East Eye: https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/how-libyas-skies-became-battleground-uae-turkey-proxy-war, (13.09.2019). Ekşi, M. ve Erol, M.M. (2018) “The Rise and Fall Of Turkish Soft Power and Public Diplomacy”, Akademik Bakış, 11(23): 15-45. Fuller, B. ve Roy, E. (2018) “Exporting (In)stability: The UAE’s Role in Yemen and the Horn of Africa”, ACLED: https://www.acleddata.com/2018/10/10/exporting-instability-the-uaes-role-in-yemen-and-the-horn-of-africa/#_ftn2, (04.07.2018). Girit, S. (2017), “Why is Turkey standing up for Qatar?”, BBC News: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-40262713, (21.08.2019) Gundogan, U. (2003), “Islamist Iran and Turkey, 1979-1989: State Pragmatism and Ideological Infuluences”, Middle East Review of International Affairs, 7 (1). Gümüşoğlu, F. “Türkiye-BAE İlişkilerinde Bahar Dönemi (1980-1990): Fırsatlar ve Motivasyonlar”, ORDAF: http://ordaf.org/turkiye-bae-iliskilerinde-bahar-donemi-1980-1990-firsatlar-ve-motivasyonlar/, (08.09.2019). Harchaoui, J. ve Lazib, M. (2019) “Proxy War Dynamics in Libya”, PWP Conflict Studies. Hassan, S. (2008) “Turkey's Israel Policy Since 1945”, Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, 69: 921-929. Hedges, M. ve Cafiero, G. (2017) “The GCC and the Muslim Brotherhood: What Does the Future Hold?”, Middle East Policy, 24 (1): 129-153. Jakes, L. ve Wong, E. (2019) “The U.S. Has Joined Secret Talks With Israel and the U.A.E. The Topic? Iran.”, The New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/15/us/politics/us-iran-uae-israel.html, (19.09.2019). Lagrenzi, M. (2011) “The GCC and the International Relations of the Gulf : Diplomacy, Security and Economic Coordination in a Changing Middle East”, London: I.B.Tauris, EBSCO Veritabanı (15.08.2017). Mason, R. (2018) “Breaking the mold of small state classification? The broadening influence of United Arab Emirates foreign policy through effective military and bandwagoning strategies”, Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, 24 (1): 95–112. Mckernan, B. ve Akoush, H. (2020) “Exclusive: 2,000 Syrian fighters deployed to Libya to support government”, The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/15/exclusive-2000-syrian-troops-deployed-to-libya-to-support-regime, (e.t.30.01.2020). Nuruzzaman, M. (2015) “Qatar and the Arab Spring down the Foreign Policy Slope”, Contemporary Arab Affairs, 8, (2): 226-238. Onley, J. ve Khalaf, S. (2006) “Shaikly Autority in the Pre-oil Gulf: An Historical-Anthropological Study”, History and Anthropolgy, 17 (3): 189-208. Oran, B. (2008), “Türk Dış Politikası: Kurtuluş Savaşından Bugüne, Olgular, Belgeler, Yorumlar”, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları. Özkızılcık, Ö. “Türkiye ve BAE İdeolojik Temelli Rekabete Rağmen Süren İlişki”, Dünya Bülteni: https://www.dunyabulteni.net/dubam/turkiye-ve-bae-ideolojik-temelli-rekabete-ragmen-suren-iliski-h425409.html, (20.09.2019). Parlar Dal, E. (2012), “The Transformation of Turkey’s Relations with the Middle East: Illusion or Awakening?”, Turkish Studies, 13 (2): 244-267. Ramani, S. (2019) “UAE steps up anti-Turkey efforts in Syria”, Al Monitor: https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2019/02/uae-syria-turkey-containment-efforts-kurds-erdogan.html, (23.10.2019). Resmi Gazete (2011) http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2011/03/20110310-26.htm, (13.08.2019). Resmi Gazete (1984) http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18538.pdf, (13.08.2019). Rubin, B. (1989) “The Gulf States and the Iran-Iraq War”, The Iran-Iraq War: Impact and Implication. Sheiko, Y. (2018) “The United Arab Emirates: Turkey’s New Rival”, The Whasigton Institute: https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/fikraforum/view/the-united-arab-emirates-turkeys-new-rival, (10.06.2019). Sherwood, L. (2017) “Risk Diversification and the United Arab Emirates’ Foreign Policy”, The Small Gulf States, Foreign and Security Policies before and after the Arap Spring, New York: Routledge. T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı, “Türkiye-Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri Siyasi İlişkileri”, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-birlesik-arap-emirlikleri-siyasi-iliskileri.tr.mfa, (10.08.2019). Takeyh, R. (2010) “The Iran-Iraq War: A Reassessment”, Middle East Journal, 64 (3): 365-383. Telci, İ. N. (2016) “Türkiye-BAE ilişkilerindeki yumuşamayı anlamlandırmak”, Al Jazeera: http://www.aljazeera.com.tr/gorus/turkiye-bae-iliskilerindeki-yumusamayi-anlamlandirmak, (13.08.2019). Ticaret Bakanlığı, https://ticaret.gov.tr/yurtdisi-teskilati/orta-dogu-ve-korfez/bae/ulke-profili/turkiye-ile-ticaret, (15.08.2019). TUİK, “Dış Ticaret İstatistikleri Dinamik Sorgulama”, https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/disticaretapp/menu.zul (05.08.2019). UAE Government, https://government.ae/en/more/history-of-the-uae, (15.07.2019). UAE Government, https://www.government.ae/en/about-the-uae/the-seven-emirates, (15.07.2019). USA Presidency (1980) “Jimmy Carter’ State of the Union address to the U.S. Congress”, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=33079 (10.07.2018). Werr, P. (2013) “UAE offers Egypt $3 billion support, Saudis $5 billion”, Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-protests-loan/uae-offers-egypt-3-billion-support-saudis-5-billion-idUSBRE9680H020130709, (03.09.2019). Yerasimos, S. (2009) “Milliyetler ve Sınırlar/Balkanlar, Kafkaslar ve Orta-Doğu”, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları. Yeşilyurt, N. (2018) “Whither Inter-Sunni Relations in the Middle East? Turkey and the Gulf Cooperation Council”, Mediterranean Quarterly, 29 (1): 20-35. “Arab states issue 13 demands to end Qatar-Gulf crisis” (2017) Al Jazeera: http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/06/arab-states-issue-list-demands-qatar-crisis-170623022133024.html (10.09.2017). “BAE adına casusluk yaptığı iddia edilen tutuklu Silivri Cezaevi'nde ölü bulundu” (2019) Deutsche Welle Türkçe: https://www.dw.com/tr/bae-adına-casusluk-yaptığı-iddia-edilen-tutuklu-silivri-cezaevinde-ölü-bulundu/a-48524301, (18.09.2019). “BAE Büyükelçiliği'nin sokağına "Fahreddin Paşa" ismi verildi” (2018) TRT Haber: https://www.trthaber.com/haber/turkiye/bae-buyukelciliginin-sokagina-fahreddin-pasa-ismi-verildi-345882.html, (10.09.2019). “Erdoğan: Yemen'deki operasyona lojistik destek verebiliriz” (2015) Hürriyet: http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/dunya/erdogan-yemendeki-operasyona-lojistik-destek-verebiliriz-28566527, (13.08.2019). “Erdoğan'dan güven çağrısı” (2004) Hürriyet: http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/erdogandan-guven-cagrisi-38558760 (e.t.10.09.2019). “Doğu Akdeniz: Türkiye-Libya anlaşması bölgede dengeleri nasıl etkiler?” (2019) BBC News: https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-50682215, (20.12.2019). “Libya's Haftar makes renewed push in west as ceasefire falters” (2020) Middle East Eye: https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/libyas-haftar-makes-push-western-libya-ceasefire-falters, (30.01.2020). “Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrain, and Egypt condemn Turkey’s aggression on Syriya” (2019) Al Arabiya: https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2019/10/09/Saudi-Arabia-condemns-Turkish-aggression-on-north-east-Syria.html, (15.10.2019). “Sudan has received half the $3 billion promised by Saudi Arabia and UAE” (2019) Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sudan-emirates-saudi/sudan-has-received-half-the-3-billion-promised-by-saudi-arabia-and-uae-idUSKBN1WN137, (22.10.2019). “Turkey-GCC Trade and Business Relations” (2017) Oxford Gulf and Arabian Peninsula Studies Forum, https://www.oxgaps.org/files/turkey-gcc_tarde_and_business_relations_2017.pdf, (13.08.2019). “UAE denounces Erdogan’s U.N. attack on Egypt” (2014) Al Arabiya: https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/09/25/UAE-denounces-Erdogan-s-U-N-attack-on-Egypt.html, (e.t.02.09.2019).