TEKNOLOJİK İNOVASYONUN EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: TÜRKİYE- AB (15) ÜLKELERİ ÖRNEĞİ

Çalışmanın amacı 1998-2013 döneminde Türkiye ve AB-15 ülkelerinin teknolojik inovasyon performansının ekonomik büyüme düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisini ölçmeye yöneliktir. Ülkelerin teknolojik inovasyon performanslarını değerlendirirken tek bir gösterge kullanmak yerine çalışmada uluslararası literatürde yer alan Teknoloji Başarı Endeksi (TAI) ve Archibugi-CoCo (Ar-Co) endeks değerlerinden yola çıkarak teknolojik inovasyon endeks (TİE) değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Zaman serisi olarak ve tüm ülkeler için hesaplanan bu değerler ekonometrik modelde bağımsız değişken olarak kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada referans çalışmalar ışığında gelişitirilen panel ARDL modellerindeki katsayılar PMGE ile tahmin edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre panel genelinde ülkelerin TİE performansı ekonomik büyüme düzeylerini istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif etkilemektedir. Ancak ülke bazında elde edilen bulgular Türkiye açısından değerlendirildiğinde, değişkenler arasında bir ilişki olduğuna dair istatistiksel olarak kuvvetli bir bulgu elde edilememiştir. Neticede Türkiye’nin hem TİE değeri hem de büyüme performansı açısından örneklem ülkelerin oldukça gerisinde kaldığını ifade etmek mümkündür.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Teknolojik İnovasyon Endeksi, Ekonomik Büyüme, Panel ARDL

THE EFFECT OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: THE CASE OF TURKEY-EU (15) COUNTRIES

The purpose of this study is to measure the effect of technological innovation performance on economic growth during 1998-2013 for Turkey and the EU-15 countries. Rather than using a single indicator when evaluating the performances of countries in technological innovation, technological innovation index (TIE) values were calculated from the indexes of Technology Achievement Index (TAI) and Archibugi-CoCo (Ar-Co) in international literature. These values calculated for the time series and for all countries are used as independent variables in the econometric model. The coefficients in the panel ARDL models developed in the reference study light in the study were estimated with PMGE. According to the findings obtained, TIE performance of the countries across the panel has a statistically significant and positive effect on the economic growth levels. However, when assessing countries in terms of Turkey on the basis of the findings, that there is a relationship between the variables statistically strong evidence could not be obtained. As a result of Turkey's possible to say that both TIA value of the sample remains far behind both in terms of growth performance of countries.

Keywords:

Technological Innovation Index, Economic Growth, Panel ARDL,

PDF

___

Archibugi, D. ve Coco, A. (2002). "A New İndicator Of Technological Capabilities For Developed And Developing Countries (Arco)", The World Development, 32(4), 629-654.
Bilbao-Osorio, B. ve Rodríguez-Pose, A. (2004). From R&D To Innovation And Economic Growth In The EU. Growth and Change, 35(4), 434-455.
Cameron, G., Proudman J. ve Redding S. (2005). Technological Convergence, R&D, Trade And Productivity Growth. European Economic Review, 49(3), 775-807.
Desai, M., Fukuda-Parr, S., J. C. ve Sagasti, F. (2002). "Measuring The Technology Achievement of Nations and The Capacity to Participate In The Network Age", Journal of Human Development, 3(1), 95-122.
Dosi, G. (1988). "The Nature of The Innovative Process", Giovanni Dosi vd. (Ed.), Technical Change and Economic Theory, Pinter Publisher, London.
Falk, M. (2007). R&D Spending In The High-Tech Sector and Economic Growth, Research In Economics, 61(3), 140-147.
Eurostat, Erişim Adresi http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database.
Fischer, M. M. (2001). "Innovation, Knowledge Creation and Systems of Innovation", The Annals of Regional Science, 35(2). Griliches, Z. (1985). Productivity, R&D, And Basic Research At The Firm Level In The 1970s. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series, No.1547, 1-37.
Hasan, I. ve Tucci, C. L. (2010). The Innovation–Economic Growth Nexus: Global Evidence, Research Policy, 39(10), 1264-1276.
IMF-WEO, Erişim Adresi www.imf.org.
Kanter, R.M.(1984). Change Masters, Published by Simon and Schuster, New York.
Lichtenberg, F. R. (1992). R&D Investment And International Productivity Differences. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series, No.4161, 1-37.
Limam, Y. R. ve Miller, S. M. (2004). "Explaining Economic Growth: Factor Accumulation, Total Factor Productivity Growth, And Production Efficiency İmprovement", Economics Working Papers, No. 2004-20, 1-41.
Lucas, R. E. (1988). “On The Mechanics Of Economic Development”, Journal Of Monetary Economics, 22(1), 3-42.
Narayan, P. H. ve Narayan, S. (2006). Savings Behaviour In Fiji: An Empirical Assessment Using The ARDL Approach To Cointegration. International Journal Of Social Economics, 33(7), 468-480.
OECD Database, Erişim Adresi http://stats.oecd.org/.
OECD (2002). Frascati Manual: Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development, Paris.
OECD/Eurostat (2005). Oslo Manual: Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data, 3rd Edition, OECD Publishing, Paris.
Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A Simple Panel Unit Root Test In The Presence Of Cross-Section Dependence. Journal of Applied Economics, 22(2), 265-312.
Pesaran, M. H. ve Shin, Y. (1998). An Autoregressive Distributed-Lag Modelling Approach To Cointegration Analysis. Econometric Society Monographs, 31, 371-413.
Romer, P. M. (1986). “Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth” , Journal of Political Economy, 94(5), 1002-1037.
Santacreu, A. M.(2014). "Innovation, Diffusion and Trade: Theory and Measurement", Journal of Monetary Economics, 75, 1-20.
Schumpeter, J. A. (1947). “The Creative Response in Economic History”, The Journal Of Economic History, 7(2), 149-159.
Shepard, H. A. (1967). "Innovation-Resisting and Innovation-Producing Organizations", The Journal of Business, 40(4).
Sinha, D. (2008). Patents, Innovations And Economic Growth In Japan And South Korea: Evidence From Individual Country And Panel Data. Applied Econometrics and International Development, 8(1), 1-23.
Sylwester, K. (2001). R&D And Economic Growth. Knowledge, Technology & Policy, 13(4), 71-84.
UNDP (2010). The Real Wealth of Nations: Pathways to Human Development. Human Development Report.
Westmore, B. (2013). "R&D, Patenting and Growth: The Role of Public Policy", OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 1047, 1-49.
World Bank, Erişim Adresi http://databank.worldbank.org.
Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2013). İleri Panel Veri Analizi: Stata Uygulamalı, Beta Yayınevi, İstanbul.