MAKİNE TABANLI DİNAMİK RİSK ANALİZİ İÇİN BİR KARAR DESTEK SİSTEMİ GELİŞTİRME

Her işletme için hem kanuni hem de vicdani gereklilik olan risk değerlendirmesi, risk analizi ve risk kontrol aşamalarının bir birleşimi olarak her çalışma ortamında uygulanmak zorunda olan bir süreçtir. Risk analizi, tehlikelerin tanımlandığı ve risk büyüklüğünün tahmin edildiği aşama iken risk kontrolü, risk azaltma için tedbirlerin ya da önlemlerin planlandığı ve hedefe ulaşma düzeyinin izlendiği aşamadır. Risk değerlendirme sürecinin her aşaması uzman bilgisi ve bakış açısı gerektirir ve risklerin yönetimi açısından her adım eş öneme sahiptir. İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Risk Değerlendirmesi Yönetmeliği (29.12.2012 Resmi Gazete Sayısı: 28512), risk değerlendirme çalışmalarının yenilenmesi için hem zaman bazlı hem de durum bazlı tanımlamalar yapmıştır. Ancak işletme içerisinde birbiriyle ilişkili ve iç içe yürütülen faaliyetlerin büyük bir kısmının günümüzde insana bağlı olarak yürütülmesi üretim süreçlerinde insan hatasına bağlı olarak iş güvenliği önlemlerinde açık kapı oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle risk değerlendirme çalışmalarına çalışan katılımı arttırılarak risk analizlerin dinamik olarak yenilenmesi ve sistemdeki güvenlik açıklarına karşı anlık önlemlerin önerilmesi gerekir. Diğer bir ifadeyle, risk değerlendirme sürecinin dinamik bir yapıda yönetilmesi gerekir. Bunun için işletmelerde dinamik risk analizi karar destek sistemlerinin kuruluyor ve işletiliyor olması gerekir. Bu çalışmanın ana amacı işletmelerde kurulacak dinamik risk analizi karar destek sistemi için bir algoritma önermektir. Böylece işletme içerisindeki risk analizleri anlık olarak yenilenebilecek ve güvenlik açıklarına karşı anında eylemler planlanabilmektedir. Bu yapı Endüstri 4.0 için nitelikli bir alt yapı oluşturacak ve ileride sisteme entegre edilecek algılayıcılar ve eyleyiciler yardımıyla geliştirilecek sistem, uzman müdahalesi minimuma indirerek ve çalışma ortamıyla sürekli haberleşerek çalışma ortamının iş güvenliğini sürekli olarak sağlamış olacaktır.

DEVELOPING A MACHİNE BASED DYNAMİC RISK ANALYSIS DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM

Risk assessment, which is both a legal and a conscientious requirement for every business, consists of risk analysis and risk control phases and it is a process that must be implemented for each work environment. Risk analysis is the phase that includes hazard identification and risk estimation while risk evaluation is the phase that involves planning judgments on protective measures for risk reduction and observing whether the risk reduction objectives have been achieved. Each step of the risk assessment requires expertise knowledge and perspective. The Regulation on Risk Assessment of Occupational Health and Safety (Official Gazette No. 28512, December 29, 2012) made both time-based and case-based definitions for the renewal of risk assessment studies. However, dependency of related or interrelated activities on human factor causes safety vulnerability because of human errors. Therefore, it is required to develop a dynamic risk assessment by increasing contribution of employee and proposing dynamic protective measures for safety vulnerabilities in the system. In another words, it is required to manage risk assessment process in a dynamic structure. For this, business should set and utilize dynamic risk assessment decision support system. The main objective of this study is to present an algorithm for dynamic risk assessment decision support system. Hence, risk analysis in the work environment can be done simultaneously and protective measures can be planned and implemented at the same time. This structure will provide a basic for Industry 4.0 in terms of occupational safety and the system developed by integrating sensors and actuators provide occupational safety at work environment by minimizing requirements to human expertise and communicating with work environment continuously.

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