Tüketimin Ekonomik Temelleri ve Türkiye’deki Bileşenleri

Bireyler, ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak maksadıyla mal ve hizmetleri nihai olarak kullanarak tüketirler. Günümüzde toplumun değişen yapısıyla tüketimin millî gelir içindeki payı artma eğilimindedir. Sürdürülebilir bir büyüme için tüketimin kontrol edilmesi son derece önemlidir. Bu kapsamda, tüketimin teorik temelleri ve teorinin ekonometrik olarak geçerliliğinin araştırılması için birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Keynes tarafından ortaya konulan marjinal tüketim eğilimi, Kalıcı Gelir ve Yaşam Boyu Tüketim bu konudaki temel çalışmalardandır. Ancak yapılan ampirik çalışmalarda teorilerin geçerliliği tam olarak ortaya konulamamıştır. Türkiye’nin çok uzun yıllardır en büyük sorunu, yeterli sermaye ve bunu sağlayacak olan tasarruf oranlarına erişilememesi olmuştur. Tüketimin temel bileşenlerinin bilinmesi ekonomik politikaların oluşturulmasında son derece önemlidir. Kullanılacak verilerin zaman serisi olması nedeniyle öncelikle birim kökün varlığı araştırılmış ve Eşbütünleştirme Metodu ile model oluşturulmuştur. Yapılmış olan çalışmada etkisi en yüksek olan değişkenlerin sabit değişken ve GSMH’daki değişim olduğu görülmüştür. Elde edilen ekonometrik sonuçlar teorilere paralel olarak tüketimin GSMH’ya oranın uzun dönemde değişiminin çok az olduğunu desteklemiştir.

Consumption Economic Bases and Components in Turkey

Individuals consume goods and services ultimately to meet their needs. Today, the share of consumption in national income tends to increase with the changing structure of society. Control of consumption for sustainable growth is crucial. In this context, many studies have been carried out to investigate econometric validity of theoretical foundations and theory of consumption. The marginal propensity to consume by Keynes, Permanent Income and Lifetime Consumption is the main work in this area. However, the validity of the theories in the empirical studies was not fully revealed. For many years, Turkey's biggest problem has been the inability to reach adequate capital and the saving rates that it will provide. Knowing the basic components of consumption is crucial in the formation of economic policies. Due to the fact that the data to be used is a time series, the entity's root entity was researched and modeled by the Cointegration Method. It is seen that the variables with the highest effect are changes in fixed variable and GNP. The econometric results obtained support the fact that, in parallel with the theories, there is very little change in the ratio of consumption to GNP in the long run

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