Türk İmalat Sanayinde İhracat ve İnovasyon Arasındaki İlişki
Posner’in (1961) “teknoloji açığı teorisi” ve Vernon’un (1966) “ürün dönemleri teorisi” inovasyonun piyasa gücüne neden olduğunu ve ihracatı kolaylaştırdığını öngörür. Diğer yönden ihracatçı firmalar, performanslarını artırıcı yönde etkileyen inovasyon sürecine daha yoğun şekilde maruz kalırlar. Bu teorik yaklaşımlar ihracat ve inovasyon arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisinin yönü hakkında farklı öngörülerde bulunurlar. Bu araştırma 2008-2013 dönemleri itibariyle Türk İmalat Sanayii endüstri kolları için ihracat yoğunluğu ve ar-ge yoğunluğu arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Araştırma analiz yöntemi İki Aşamalı Sistem Genelleştirilmiş Momentler Metodudur. Araştırmada nedensellik ilişkisi iki modelle ifade edilmiş ve Wald Testine dayanarak incelenmiştir. Birinci model olan ihracat modelinin bağımsız değişkenleri ar-ge yoğunluğu ve reel döviz kuru endeksidir. Ar-ge modelinin bağımsız değişkenleri ise, ihracat yoğunluğu ve rekabet düzeyini gösteren Herfindahl-Hirsckman Endeksidir. Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda ar-ge yoğunluğundan ihracat yoğunluğuna doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu sonuç Posner’in (1961) “teknoloji açığı teorisi” ile Vernon’un (1966) “ürün dönemleri teori”lerinin inovasyon ve ihracata ilişkin öngörülerinin Türk İmalat Sanayi’nde geçerli olduğunu desteklemektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler:
İmalat Sanayi, İnovasyon, İhracat, Panel Veri Analizi
The Relationship between Export and Innovation in Turkish Manufacturing Industry
Posner’s (1961) “technological gap theory” and Vernon’s (1966) “product life cycle theory” predicts that innovation causes market power and facilitates export. In other side export encourages firms and provides more affirmative environment for innovative processes. These theoretical approaches have different predictions regarding the direction of causality between export and innovation. Using Two-Step System Generalized Moments of Method this study investigates causality relationship between export intensity and R&D intensity for the period 2008-2013 in Turkish Manufacturing Industry. Causality relationship was modeled within two different equations and analyzed by Wald Test. First equation models export intensity as function of R&D intensity and real exchange rate. In the second equation R&D intensity estimated as a function of export intensity and Herfindahl-Hirschman Index as competition variable. Causality test results show that there is unidirectional causal relationship from R&D intensity to export intensity. This finding supports the predictions of Posner’s (1961) “technological gap theory” and Vernon’s (1966) “product life cycle theory” related to the innovation and export relationship in Turkish Manufacturing Industry.
Keywords:
Manufacturing Industry, Innovation, Export,
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- ISSN: 2149-6838
- Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
- Başlangıç: 2015
- Yayıncı: Seyfettin Artan
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler
Türk İmalat Sanayinde İhracat ve İnovasyon Arasındaki İlişki
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